Effects of crop and weed densities on the interactions between barley 
and Lolium rigidum in several Mediterranean locations

Izquierdo, Jordi; Guinjuan, Jordi Recasens; Fernández‐Quintanilla, César; Gill, Gurjeet

doi:10.1051/agro:2003028

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…In irrigated winter cereal, Moreno et al (2002) recommended using more than 100 kg ha -1 in barley, as they did not find any significant yield increase in any of the three years after testing five different rates up to 200 kg ha -1 in the semiarid Spain. In different experiments at variable L. rigidum density, Izquierdo et al (2003) did not find significant differences in barley yield for densities between 75 and 300 kg ha -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…A possible explanation is that the field at Santa Maria was irrigated, consequently, water was not a limiting factor. Increasing sowing density could have a more important effect on weeds in rainfed environments as found by Izquierdo et al (2003) in a barley crop infested with L. rigidum who describe a lower weed biomass for the same number of weed plants. Taking into account the yield results of Moreno et al (2002) and Lacasta et al (2004), probably it is not worth to increase the sowing rate more than 160 kg ha -1 in these semi-arid environments.…”

Section: Sowing Delaymentioning

confidence: 93%

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Cultural control of herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. populations in winter cereal in Northeastern Spain

Ranzenberger¹,

Taberner²

2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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Lolium rigidum Gaud. is one of the most common weed species in winter cereals in Northeastern Spain. Herbicide resistance has been growing since the mid 90's and exclusive herbicide use is not enough in many cases, so that it is necessary to combine as many control tools as possible. Six field trials have been conducted during the cropping seasons 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04 on winter cereal infested with herbicide resistant L. rigidum in Northeastern Spain testing different cultural control strategies. Sowing delay was conducted at five fields, mouldboard ploughing at four fields, the combination of sowing delay and ploughing at two fields, increasing the cereal sowing density and combined with sowing delay at one field. Sowing delay was confirmed to have an irregular efficacy depending on the L. rigidum emergence during the delay period. In the trials, weed emergence was reduced up to 88% in the best case but there was no effect in two cases. Ploughing had a more constant efficacy and reduced weed emergence between 50 and 80% although stoniness impeded in one occasion a correct soil inversion causing a very low efficacy. Increasing the cereal sowing rate did not reduce the weed population. The combination of the different methods did not increase significantly the individual efficacy, and one method was clearly more effective than the other, depending on the trial. In fields with high L. rigidum density, these methods are not effective enough and need to be combined with other methods, which are discussed in the text.Additional key words: cereal density, integrated weed management, mouldboard ploughing, sowing delay. ResumenControl cultural de poblaciones de Lolium rigidum Gaud. resistentes a herbicidas en cereal de invierno en el nordeste de EspañaLolium rigidum Gaud. es una de las especies de malas hierbas más comunes en cereal de invierno en el nordeste de España. La resistencia a herbicidas ha ido aumentando desde mediados de los años 90, haciendo necesaria la combinación de cuantas más técnicas de control sean posibles. Se realizaron seis ensayos de campo desde el año 2001 al 2004 sobre cereal de invierno infestado con L. rigidum resistente a diferentes herbicidas en el nordeste de España, para probar diferentes estrategias de control culturales. Se estudió el retraso de siembra en seis campos, laboreo de vertedera en cuatro campos, la combinación de retraso de siembra y laboreo de vertedera en dos campos, incrementar la densidad de siembra y combinarla con retraso de siembra en un campo. El retraso de siembra tuvo una eficacia irregular dependiendo de la emergencia de L. rigidum durante el período de retraso. Se alcanzó una reducción de la emergencia del 88% en el mejor de los casos, pero no hubo efecto en otros dos campos. El laboreo tuvo una eficacia más constante y redujo la emergencia de la mala hierba entre el 50 y el 80%, aunque la pedregosidad impidió en un caso una correcta labor. Incrementar la dosis de siembra no redujo la población de la mala hierba. La combinación de los diferentes ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Sowing Delaymentioning

confidence: 93%

Cultural control of herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. populations in winter cereal in Northeastern Spain

Ranzenberger¹,

Taberner²

2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…is one of the most relevant weed problems in cereal and other grain crops, both in its Mediterranean area of origin (Izquierdo et al, 2003) and in south-western Australia (Holtum and Powles, 1991; Powles et al, 1998), where it was purposely introduced as a pasture plant (Kloot, 1983). Widespread and large populations of this weed are also characteristic of other crop types in the Mediterranean region, including fruit tree orchards, olive groves, and vineyards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence, Mechanism and Alternative Chemical Seedbank-Level Control of Glyphosate Resistance of a Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Biotype from Southern Spain

Fernández-Moreno

Bastida

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is one of the most troublesome weeds in different crops in the Mediterranean region. A rigid ryegrass biotype from an olive grove in Jaén province (Andalusía, southern Spain), potentially resistant to glyphosate (RG), was tested for its resistance level through dose-response assays using a susceptible biotype (SG). To test the hypothesis of a non-target-site-based resistance, as point mutations are far less common mechanisms of glyphosate resistance, studies were also conducted to elucidate whether resistance was associated with biochemical, metabolism, molecular and/or physiological mechanisms. Alternative herbicide-based control options, including single-herbicide or herbicide mixtures with glyphosate, applied at seedling, tillering or full heading stages, were tested in field experiments for 2 years for their efficacy against rigid ryegrass plants and their effects on the soil seed bank. Resistance levels of the RG biotype were 23- (LD50) and 7-fold (GR50) higher compared to the SG biotype. The SG biotype exhibited a significantly greater shikimic acid accumulation than the RG one. At 96 HAT, 58 and 89% of applied 14C-glyphosate was up taken by leaves of RG and SG biotype plants, respectively, and, at this time, a significantly higher proportion of the glyphosate taken up by the treated leaf remained in its tissue in RG plants compared to the SG ones. The RG biotype did not reveal any point mutation in the glyphosate target site EPSP synthase. Overall, results confirmed reduced glyphosate uptake and translocation as being the mechanism involved in glyphosate resistance in the RG biotype. RG biotype responses to the alternative treatments tested in situ indicated that herbicide applications at the later growth stage tended to be less effective in terms of immediate effects on population size than earlier applications, and that only in some cases, the removal of at least 85% of the RG biotype was achieved. However, with few exceptions, the alternative treatments tested appeared to be highly effective in reducing the seed bank irrespective of the growth stage. The frequency of the resistant phenotype in the progeny of surviving plants of the RG biotype was dependent on treatment. Results suggest that a potential exists for effective management of glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass in olive groves in southern Spain.

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“…However, the higher value observed in 2010/11 in F1 could be attributed to other factors. As has been established for other grass weeds (Medd et al, 1985;Cousens et al, 1988;Izquierdo et al, 2003), the strongest crop competition takes place early in the growing seasons, affecting weed tillering. The stress caused by lack of rain until February in the winter of 2010/11 reduced the competitive effect of the crop and, though the plants were smaller, they had more tillers.…”

Section: Vegetative and Reproductive Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 91%

Integrated effect of crop sowing date and herbicide stress on fitness of Bromus diandrus Roth

García

Royo‐Esnal

Torra

et al. 2015

Span. j. agric. res.

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Bromus diandrus Roth is a common weed species that has increased in no-tillage dry-land cereal fields in NE Spain because of the limited control options. The fitness response of plants with different emergence times (ETs) and its influence on demography has huge implications in weed management. With this subject, three ETs (F1, F2 and F3) of B. diandrus were established through three crop-sowing dates (D1, Oct.; D2, Nov.; D3, Dec.) for each of the three years in a barley-wheat-wheat rotation. In barley, the herbicides applied were not specific for B. diandrus, whereas in wheat the specific herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium was applied. Plant density after treatments and fitness characteristics were estimated for each weed ET. Weed density decreased for later ETs and fitness was density-dependent, showing significantly higher values when a non-specific herbicide was applied, except in number of caryopses per spikelet. The increasing fitness shown by plants with later ETs and the linear relationships of vegetative biomass vs reproductive biomass and fecundity were disrupted by the herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl plus iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium. Plants that had survived this herbicide when wheat was growing had lower values for all the characteristics analysed. After three seasons, as a consequence of decreasing seed recruitment, a practical depletion of the B. diandrus population was achieved in F2 and F3 (<2.8 and <1 plants/m2, respectively) but not in F1 (60.5 plants/m2). This study shows the importance of delayed crop sowing to optimize the control of B. diandrus in cereal fields with no tillage.

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Effects of crop and weed densities on the interactions between barley and Lolium rigidum in several Mediterranean locations

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Cultural control of herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. populations in winter cereal in Northeastern Spain

Cultural control of herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. populations in winter cereal in Northeastern Spain

Evidence, Mechanism and Alternative Chemical Seedbank-Level Control of Glyphosate Resistance of a Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Biotype from Southern Spain

Integrated effect of crop sowing date and herbicide stress on fitness of Bromus diandrus Roth

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