Survival of A‐group and B‐group <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> (phoma stem canker) ascospores in air and mycelium on oilseed rape stem debris

Huang, Yongju; Fitt, Bruce D.L.; Hall, Avice

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00305.x

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…However, in the present research, pseudothecia developed on the stubble retrieved from field soil only after moist incubation in the laboratory. Huang et al . (2003) reported pseudothecium production on 40% of oilseed rape stem bases that had been buried in sandy soil for 12 months then exposed to ambient conditions for 2–4 months in summer‐autumn in the UK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pseudothecia did not develop on standing stubble about a year after harvest in Canada, whereas ascospore release from pseudothecia on standing stubble of the same year crop has been reported in the USA (Kharbanda & Ostashewski, 1997). In the UK, mycelium of L. maculans survived on stubble placed on the surface of sand or buried in sand for 12 months and produced pseudothecia and viable ascospores (Huang et al ., 2003). However, the effect of soil factors on development and density of pseudothecia or pathogenicity of ascospores was not considered in that study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival ofLeptosphaeria maculansand associated mycobiota on oilseed rape stubble buried in soil

2008

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Leptosphaeria maculans , the causal agent of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape, is an important pathogen in oilseed rape growing regions of the world, including Australia. Survival of L. maculans and associated mycobiota on oilseed rape stubble buried for 13 months in field soil and in sandy soil was studied under South Australian environmental conditions. Stubble weight decreased significantly by the end of the burial period, more so in field (53·7%) than in sandy soil (22%). Pseudothecia did not develop on stubble buried in field soil and few formed when buried in sandy soil. Moist incubation of stubble following retrieval from both media generated pseudothecia; however, pseudothecial development ceased on stubble that had been buried for 10 and 12 months in field and sandy soil, respectively. In total, 20 and 36 genera of fungi were isolated from stubble before and after burial, respectively. Alternaria spp., L. maculans and Stemphylium botryosum were isolated from 81·7, 70 and 60% of stubble pieces before burial, respectively. Isolation frequency of these species decreased significantly throughout the burial period in both media. Conversely, isolation frequency of Stachybotrys chartarum , Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp., having pre-burial frequencies of 26·7, 16·7 and 2·5%, respectively, increased over the burial period regardless of soil type. These findings suggest that inoculum production of L. maculans decreases with the increasing burial duration in field soil over 10 months, before ceasing, and this may be due to associated mycobiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival ofLeptosphaeria maculansand associated mycobiota on oilseed rape stubble buried in soil

2008

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“…However, L. biglobosa leaf lesions generally differ from those of L. maculans ToscanoUnderwood et al, 2001) (Figure 2). Both species are able to survive on stem debris and produce ascospores on unburied debris, but L. biglobosa survives longer on unburied debris than on buried debris (Huang et al, 2003a). Under the same conditions, ascospores of L. maculans survive longer than those of L. biglobosa.…”

Section: Differences Between Leptosphaeria Maculans and L Biglobosamentioning

confidence: 96%

World-Wide Importance of Phoma Stem Canker (Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa) on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

Brun²,

et al. 2006

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Phoma stem canker is an internationally important disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus, canola, rapeseed), causing serious losses in Europe, Australia and North America. UK losses of e56M per season are estimated using national disease survey data and a yield loss formula. Phoma stem canker pathogen populations comprise two main species, Leptosphaeria maculans, associated with damaging stem base cankers, and Leptosphaeria biglobosa, often associated with less damaging upper stem lesions. Both major gene and quantitative trait loci mediated resistance to L. maculans have been identified in B. napus, but little is known about resistance to L. biglobosa. Leptosphaeria maculans, which has spread into areas in North America and eastern Europe where only L. biglobosa was previously identified, now poses a threat to large areas of oilseed rape production in Asia. Epidemics are initiated by air-borne ascospores; major gene resistance to initial infection by L. maculans operates in the leaf lamina of B. napus. It is not clear whether the quantitative trait loci involved in the resistance to the pathogen that can be assessed only at the end of the season operate in the leaf petioles or stems. In countries where serious phoma stem canker epidemics occur, a minimum standard for resistance to L. maculans is included in national systems for registration of cultivars. This review provides a background to a series of papers on improving strategies for managing B. napus resistance to L. maculans, which is a model system for studying genetic interactions between hemibiotrophic pathogens and their hosts.

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“…Damage to the basal part of stem (crown) are reported to be more significant and more closely related to yield losses (Huang et al ., ). Incidence of stem basal canker in this investigation was high, and each fungicide application significantly decreased the disease incidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Possibilities for integrated control of winter oilseed rape diseases in Latvia

et al. 2012

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The sowing area of winter oilseed rape in Latvia has been rapidly increasing during the last 10 years, therefore oilseed rape diseases have become an important risk factor. The present paper reports 4‐year data (2008–2011) on different fungicide application systems (including forecasting systems) tested in field trials in Central Latvia. The development of stem canker (Leptosphaeria spp.) and white stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) was evaluated depending on fungicide application schemes. Stem canker was found to be a widespread disease, and coexistence of both L. maculans and L. biglobosa was established in Latvia. There was no epidemic of white stem rot observed during the investigation period (incidence of disease was only 0.7–4.5%). Application of fungicides significantly (P < 0.05) decreased severity of stem canker. However, substantial differences between different treatments were not detected. Yield of oilseed rape fluctuated at about 4.5 tonnes ha−1, and use of fungicides did not increase the yield. It was found that DaCom Plant Plus program had overestimated the risk of white stem rot in years with low disease pressure, whereas the Swedish model of forecasting, based on the risk‐point system, had produced acceptable forecasts.

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Survival of A‐group and B‐group Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) ascospores in air and mycelium on oilseed rape stem debris

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Survival ofLeptosphaeria maculansand associated mycobiota on oilseed rape stubble buried in soil

Survival ofLeptosphaeria maculansand associated mycobiota on oilseed rape stubble buried in soil

World-Wide Importance of Phoma Stem Canker (Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa) on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

Possibilities for integrated control of winter oilseed rape diseases in Latvia

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