Survival and Prognosis of Chondrosarcoma Subtypes: SEER Database Analysis

Abstract

Chondrosarcomas are rare tumors and, historically, investigation of these tumors has been limited to small series and single-institution studies. There have been no studies that evaluated the identification or comparison of differences in prognostic factors between the five known non-conventional chondrosarcoma subtypes (myxoid, juxtacortical, clear-cell, mesenchymal, and dedifferentiated). The purpose of this paper was to determine the demographic, clinical, incidence, and tumor characteristics of all five known non-conventional chondrosarcoma subtypes, determine the 1-, 5-year, and median survival differences between these subtypes, and to determine the demographic and clinical variables that are significant prognostic indicators for each chondrosarcoma subtypes. We retrospectively reviewed the SEER database for all patients with non-conventional chondrosarcoma. χ 2 testing was used for correlations between clinical variables. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to compare survival of the subtypes, and to assess the prognostic value of age group, race, sex, grade, anatomic location, and metastatic involvement. Several demographic characteristics including gender, race, age, and grade varied between chondrosarcoma subtypes. The tumor characteristics showed marked differences in presence of metastasis on presentation between the subtypes with increasing order of rate of metastasis with juxtacortical (2.1%), clear cell (5.7%), myxoid (7.6%), mesenchymal (10.6%), and the highest in dedifferentiated (19.8%). One-, 5-year, and median survival differed significantly between chondrosarcomas subtypes. The highest median survival was found in the juxtacortical subtype (97 months), followed by clear cell (79 months), myxoid (60 months), mesenchymal (33.5 months), and lowest in dedifferentiated (11 months). The only prognostic variable that was shown to significantly impact the survival of each non-conventional chondrosarcoma subtype was a metastatic disease at diagnosis (p = 0.03 to p < 0.001). Subtyping classification of chondrosarcoma should be made whenever possible, given differences in survival and prognostic factors between chondrosarcoma subtypes.

Prognostic Factors in Conventional Chondrosarcoma Patients: a SEER Database Analysis

“…However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not the mainstay therapies for chondrosarcoma. The primary goal is to better understand the characteristics of conventional chondrosarcomas since Amer et al [13,22] reviewed and described non-conventional chondrosarcomas. In the present study, we identi ed prognostic factors of chondrosarcoma based on data from the SEER database from 2010 to 2016, which was veri ed using data from 2007 to 2009.…”

“…Samples of chondrosarcoma from 2010 to 2016 were collected as the test group and those from 2007 to 2009 were collected as the validation group. ICD-O-3 [11,13] (International Classi cation of Diseases for Oncology Third Edition) morphology codes were used to differentiate subtypes of conventional chondrosarcoma, excluding rare subtypes of nonconventional chondrosarcoma (mesenchymal [9240/3], myxoid [9231/3], clear cell [9242/3], dedifferentiated [9243/3], and juxtacortical [9221/3]). No information related to chemotherapy was found, whereas a small amount of information related to radiotherapy was found and collected.…”

The Role of IGF/IGF-IR-Signaling and Extracellular Matrix Effectors in Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis

“…Even though bone sarcomas occur in adults, the prevalence of some subtypes is distinctive for the pediatric population [3]. Thus, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) predominantly present in children and adolescents, whereas chondrosarcoma can present at any age but mainly affects individuals in the 30 to 70 years group [4,5]. These malignancies exhibit heterogeneity at the intertumoral and intratumoral levels partly correlated with their stem cell origin [6].…”

Long-term outcomes of grade I/II skull base chondrosarcoma: an insight into the role of surgery and upfront radiotherapy

“…[2][3][4] There are also 5 nonconventional variants: juxtacortical, clear cell, myxoid, mesenchymal, and dedifferentiated, in which the rst 3 subtypes are presumed to be indolent and thus behave similarly to grade I-II SBCs, while the other 2 are considered high-grade. [5][6][7][8] The majority of SBCs are grade I or II, thus expected to exhibit indolent behaviors. [2,4,9,10] SBC is extremely rare; the incidence is reported to be less than 0.8-1 per million per year, [11] representing approximately 0.1% of all brain neoplasms.…”