Survival and Growth of Palaemonetes argentinus (Decapoda; Caridea) Exposed to Insecticides with Chlorpyrifos and Endosulfan as Active Element

Abstract

Pesticides with chlorpyrifos and endosulfan as active element are used for pest control on agricultural lands and are high-risk inputs in aquatic systems. The acute toxicity of these insecticides in the freshwater prawn Palaemonetes argentinus was evaluated. The results were used to determine the lowest observed-effect and no observed-effect concentrations. Individual growth of prawns in relation to chlorpyrifos and endosulfan exposure was analyzed. LC(50) values to chlorpyrifos and endosulfan exposure were 2.98 microg L(-1) and 14.10 at 24 hours and 0.49 microg L(-1) and 6.28 microg L(-1) at 96 hours of exposure, respectively. The size increment of prawns was the same in all treatments; cephalothorax length increased linearly per molt. The intermolt period was influenced by the toxic effect of pesticides during rearing time, and this decreased with the molt cycles compared with the normal growth pattern. The results suggest that juveniles of P. argentinus are sensitive to chlorpyrifos and endosulfan pollution.

Phytotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and maize (Zea mays L.): Potential indicators of insecticide presence in water

“…Biological assays have been used for several decades in risk assessment and detection of water contamination with chlorpyrifos, but they have mainly involved aquatic invertebrates (chironomid larvae, mosquitoes, dragon flies, prawns, shells and hydras), aquatic vertebrates such as fish and algae, and aquatic plants such as Lemna minor (Montagna and Collins 2007, Palma et al, 2008, Sperone et al 2011, Rubach et al 2012Shafiq-ur-Rehman et al 2012, Tongbai et al 2012. Based on these facts, it is obvious that the use of plants as indicators of contamination has been generally underestimated and rarely used in toxicological studies, compared to animal organisms (Moor and Kroege, 2010).…”

Freshwater Decapods and Pesticides: An Unavoidable Relation in the Modern World

“…In many decapod species, growth alterations by toxicant may be caused by variations in the moult increment, but principally by changes in the intermoult duration. A reduction in growth by the lengthening of the intermoult period was observed in juvenile prawns, Palaemonetes argentinus, during the first moult cycles exposed to cypermethrin (Collins & Cappello, 2006) and to chlorpyrifos and endosulfan insecticides (Montagna & Collins, 2007). In contrast, this same freshwater prawn showed a shortening in the intermoult period with a reduction in the moult increment at the highest concentration of glyphosate tested (0.070 ml l -1 ) (Montagna & Collins, 2005).…”

A Molecular Biomarker for Disruption of Crustacean Molting: The N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase mRNA in the Epidermis of the Fiddler Crab

“…Heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endosulfan, chlordane, DDT and metabolites, and HCHs were found to accumulate in the burrowing crab, Chasmagnathus granulata (Menone et al 2000). Several of these chemicals, such as kepone (Schimmel et al 1979), certain PCBs (Zou and Fingerman 1997a), methoxychlor (Baer and Owens 1999), and endosulfan (Zou and Fingerman 1997b;Montagna and Collins 2007), are capable of inhibiting crustacean molting. Stimulatory effects of xenobiotics on crustacean molting have also been reported.…”