Survival and growth of non-cholera vibrios in various foods

Roberts, Diane

doi:10.1017/s0022172400025547

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Following the outbreak of cholera on the airline Sutton (1974) attempted to grow the strain which was isolated from patients, on foods similar to those served on the flight: growth occurred on stuffed egg, milk-cream mix, duck and pate. A study on the growth of non 0-1 cholera vibrios in foods showed that these organisms could multiply in a range of cooked foods to levels of up to 1010/g food (Roberts & Gilbert, 1979). In this study growth of V. cholerae was most rapid in foods with an alkaline pH such as prawns, eggs and cooked mussels with pH values of 7.9, 7-85 and 7 05 respectively; these values are close to the optimum for growth of vibrios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical in foods

Kolvin

Roberts

1982

J. Hyg.

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The growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical was studied in a range of cooked foods, shellfish and raw vegetables, incubated at 22 degrees, 30 degrees and 37 degrees C. Both biotypes grew in all cooked foods but growth was not demonstrated on raw shellfish. The organism multiplied on some vegetables to levels of the order of 10(6)/g. The classical biotypes of V. cholerae showed a longer lag period than the eltor biotype in some foods particularly when incubated at 22 degrees C. The eltor biotypes reached a higher level in the stationary phase than the classical biotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical in foods

Kolvin

Roberts

1982

J. Hyg.

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Section: Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Isolates Of Non-o1 Non-o139mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3Ј-CS of class I integrons normally carries the antiseptic resistance gene, qacE⌬1,and the sulfonamide resistance gene, sul1. It has been observed, however, that class I integrons do not always contain the entire 3Ј-CS (6,22,25,28).Class I integrons are widely present in multidrug-resistant enteropathogens (15-17) and have been identified in V. cholerae O1 strains isolated in Vietnam (8) and Albania and Italy (11), as well as in non-O1, non-O139 strains in Thailand (9). A 150-kb conjugative plasmid was found to contain class I integron in epidemic strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated in GuineaBissau (10).…”

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“…It also revealed for the first time the presence of gene cassettes, aac(6Ј)-Ib, dfrA5, dfrA12, and ereA2, and also possibly a hybrid integron in V. cholerae. Since there are more and more reports of cholera-like diarrhea being caused by non-O1 strains (27), and since these strains appear to survive better than O1 strains in a wide range of foods (25), it is important to monitor the distribution of integrons and SXTs in emerging strains of V. cholerae.…”

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Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Cassettes aac ( 6 ′) -Ib , dfrA5 , dfrA12 , and ereA2 in Class I Integrons in Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Strains in India

Thungapathra

Amita

Sinha

et al. 2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

140

104

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Molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in Vibrio cholerae belonging to non-O1, non-O139 serogroups isolated during 1997 to 1998 in Calcutta, India, were investigated. Out of the 94 strains examined, 22 strains were found to have class I integrons. The gene cassettes identified were dfrA1, dfrA15, dfrA5, and dfrA12 for trimethoprim; aac(6)-Ib for amikacin and tobramycin; aadA1 and aadA2 for streptomycin and spectinomycin; and ereA2 for erythromycin resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of dfrA5, dfrA12, aac(6)-Ib, and ereA2 cassettes in class I integrons of V. cholerae. Forty-three of 94 strains also had plasmids, and out of these, 14 contained both class I integrons and plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern hybridization revealed that in the 14 plasmid-bearing strains, class I integrons resided either on chromosomes, on plasmids, or on both. Our results indicated that besides class I integrons and plasmids, a conjugative transposon element, SXT, possibly contributed to the multiple antibiotic resistance.Cholera is a serious epidemic disease caused by the gramnegative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Only V. cholerae strains belonging to the O1 and O139 serogroups are thought to be capable of causing epidemic cholera. Strains belonging to serogroups other than O1 and O139, collectively referred to as non-O1, non-O139 strains, are ubiquitously found in the aquatic environs (19) and are also capable of causing sporadic diarrhea. In 1996, an inexplicable upsurge in the incidence of cholera strains belonging to serogroups other than O1 and O139 occurred in Calcutta, India. After extensive molecular characterization, these strains were found to be devoid of the ctx filamentous phage (CTX) (31) and some other virulence genes (27). Based on these findings, it was concluded that some strains of V. cholerae belonging to different serotypes can cause diarrhea clinically indistinguishable from that associated with cholera (5) by a mechanism that could be distinct from that employed by the toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains. The nomenclature "enteropathogenic V. cholerae" (EPVC) was proposed to include these serotypes (27). The incidence of EPVC had shown an upward trend from 1997 that continued into 1998. In the months of July and August 1998, the EPVC strains constituted one-third of the V. cholerae strains isolated from hospitalized patients (12). Recently a comparative study of clinical and environmental isolates of non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae strains belonging to matching serogroups from our laboratories revealed that, despite sharing the same serogroups, the environmental and clinical isolates were genetically heterogeneous and also that the resistance to multiple antibiotics was more common among the clinical isolates (5). Multiple-antibiotic-resistant isolates of non-O1, non-O139V. choelrae strains were identified in children with diarrhea in Bangkok, Thailand (7).Reports of drug-resistant V. cholerae strains are appearing with increasing frequency (2...

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“…In a study by Roberts and Gilbert (34), survival and growth of noncholera vibrios were reported in various foods. Their growth rates increased with increasing temperature.…”

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Behavior of Vibrio cholerae in hot foods

Makukutu¹,

Guthrie²

1986

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Four food types held hot at 45 to 60°C were deliberately contaminated with 01 and non-Ol Vibrio cholerae strains. These organisms were assayed for survival and recovery from the foods within 1 h of the time the food was kept hot. The results showed no growth of V. cholerae non-Ol on thiosulfate-citrate bile-sucrose agar plates after 24 h of incubation at 37°C for food held hot at 50 to 60°C. Growth was low for V. cholerae 01 and was not achieved in some instances in which foods were held at either 55 or 60°C after 40 or 60 min of from the time the food was kept hot. Both organisms, however, were recovered equally from all food types held at all temperatures after 48 h of incubation. When incubated for an additional 24 h, the organisms grew to unusually small-sized colonies, measuring 0.1 to 0.3 mm in diameter, on the same agar plates that were negative for growth after an initial 24 h of incubation. It was concluded that V. cholerae survived the period of time held at hot temperatures. Although the organisms were not recovered from some foods when held at some of the temperatures and times after 24 h of incubation, they remained viable. An incubation period of 48 h at 37°C was found to be appropriate for the recovery of V. cholerae from hot foods.

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Survival and growth of non-cholera vibrios in various foods

Abstract: SUMMARYA study was made of the growth of three strains of non-cholera vibrio in a range of foodstuffs and of the effect of temperature and pH on their ability to grow.

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Studies on the growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical in foods

Studies on the growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical in foods

Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Cassettes aac ( 6 ′) -Ib , dfrA5 , dfrA12 , and ereA2 in Class I Integrons in Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Strains in India

Behavior of Vibrio cholerae in hot foods

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