Survival and growth of micro-organisms on air filtration media during initial loading

Kemp, Peter; Neumeister-Kemp, H.G.; Lysek, G.; Murray, Frank

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00280-1

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It was found that factors such as the structural properties of filters, the nature of the collected particles, and the AHU operating conditions could influence microbial behavior on filters. Filter porosity and capacity to retain water are important parameters regarding microbial growth (Burge 1995;Kemp et al 2001), as is the nature of the collected particles. For example, particulate cake can serve as a protection for microorganisms or as a support for the adsorption of organic matter, which is used as a substrate (Kuehn et al 1991;Li et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, particulate cake can serve as a protection for microorganisms or as a support for the adsorption of organic matter, which is used as a substrate (Kuehn et al 1991;Li et al 2010). AHU management improves energy saving and indoor air quality criteria by optimizing several factors: filtration efficiency, comfort of occupants, energy consumption, frequency of changing filters, and efficiency/cost balance (Kemp et al 2001;M€ oritz et al 2001;Farnsworth et al 2006). Operation of AHUs can influence IAQ, for example, when ventilation is stopped or reduced during nights, weekends, or holidays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filtration performances of HVAC filters for PM10 and microbial aerosols— Influence of management in a lab-scale air handling unit

González

Joubert

Andrès

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Filtration performances of air handling unit (AHU) filters for particles and microbial aerosols were investigated. The influence of the AHU operational conditions on the behavior of microorganisms collected on the filters was also studied. A lab-scale AHU with two filtration stages was developed and validated for the study of downsized filters with industrial geometries. Three types of filters of different efficiency were considered: G4, F7, and F9, according to European standard EN 779. Two configurations of filters were studied: G4 pleated/F7 bag and F7/F9 bag. Filters were sequentially clogged by alumina particles, which provided a mineral fraction in the particulate cake, and then by micronized rice particles, which provided the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum and an organic fraction that acts as a substrate for microorganisms. Finally, a microbial aerosol composed of endospores of Bacillus subtilis and spores of Aspergillus niger was nebulized to contaminate filters. After clogging, periods of 5 days on and 2 day weekend stops with restarts of ventilation were simulated for 6 weeks. The results showed that the filter efficiency for particles was quite comparable to that for microbial aerosols expressed in cultivable concentration. The particulate cake composed of alumina and micronized rice particles enabled the growth of the endogenous species P. chrysogenum and the survival of exogenous species B. subtilis and A. niger on filters. During restarts of ventilation, low particle concentrations were detected downstream of the second filtration stages by release but the microbial concentration from the fraction of air sampled was below the detection limit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtration performances of HVAC filters for PM10 and microbial aerosols— Influence of management in a lab-scale air handling unit

González

Joubert

Andrès

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Several research groups [22 -27] have observed survival and, in some cases, growth of bacterial species on HVAC filters used to collect bacterial aerosols. The fraction of captured bacteria surviving depends on the filter medium [22,25], sources of nutrients in the filter medium or collected particles [22,23,25], temperature [24], humidity [22 -24], and antimicrobial treatments [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been accomplished by immersing small filters or portions of filters in a solution of a Tween surfactant in water and agitating by one of the several methods for a suitable time [16,18,19,25,27,28]. Forms of agitation evaluated have included manual shaking [18,28], mechanical shaking [18,19,25], blending [18,27], vortexing [16,19], and ultrasonic vibration [16,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Recovery of Surrogates for Bacterial Bioterrorism Agents from Ventilation Filters

Kim

Raynor²,

Kuehn

et al. 2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) filters have the potential to serve as long-term integrated samplers for biological particles that may be released intentionally or unintentionally into a public building. Methods for eluting bacteria that are surrogates for potential bioterrorism agents from HVAC filters were tested for their ability to recover as high a percentage of culturable bacteria as possible. A solution of 0.02% Tween-80 in water was an effective eluent for Bacillus globigii (BG) spores whereas phosphate-buffered saline was the most effective eluent for vegetative bacteria. Hand shaking was a more effective agitation method for high recovery rates than vortexing or mechanical shaking. The results indicate that BG spores can be eluted successfully while maintaining essentially 100% culturability. The recovery of the vegetative bacteria Mannheimia haemolytica and Yersinia ruckeri was 80% or higher under optimal conditions. The culturability of the vegetative bacteria eluted from HVAC filters declined substantially within as little as 2 h after the bacteria were loaded onto the filter. The culturability of the BG spores eluted from filters exhibited an exponential decay subsequent to loading with a half-life of 8 -9 days.

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Polymer Nanofibers

Mandal

Song

Zeng

et al. 2023

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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The aim of this article is to provide an overview of nanofibers' properties, functionality enhancement, and applications. In order to achieve this, the significant properties of nanofibers were first demonstrated. Based on this demonstration, it was concluded that nanofibers have potential use for a wide range of applications. Additionally, the functionality enhancements of nanofibers through their physical and chemical modifications were reviewed. This functionality enhancement process helps to effectively apply the nanofibers in the engineering and medical fields. The applications of nanofibers in different hi‐tech engineering and medical fields were described. This article identified various gaps and limitations associated with nanofibers' applications and suggested further research directions. Based on this article, it has been found that nanofibers could be produced with several properties and structures including shape, size, and strength. As a result, nanofibers could be applicable in high‐tech engineering and medical sectors such as tissue engineering, sensors, and enzyme carrier. As nanofiber is a porous media, the applicability of nanofibers could be widened in different fields like protective apparel, lightweight military products, and so on. This article can help polymer engineers to improve and extend the applicability of nanofibers in evolving engineering and medical fields. In turn, this article could help to advance the field of high‐tech engineering and medical field for better human life.

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Survival and growth of micro-organisms on air filtration media during initial loading

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Filtration performances of HVAC filters for PM10 and microbial aerosols— Influence of management in a lab-scale air handling unit

Filtration performances of HVAC filters for PM10 and microbial aerosols— Influence of management in a lab-scale air handling unit

Optimizing the Recovery of Surrogates for Bacterial Bioterrorism Agents from Ventilation Filters

Polymer Nanofibers

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