Survival analysis and prognostic factors of the carcinoma of gallbladder

Abstract

Background The present study aims to evaluate the survival status of patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) and explore the prognostic factors for the improvement and preventions. Methods The study consists of 176 patients with clinically diagnosed gallbladder cancer; the study was conducted between 2019 and 2021 registered at Kamala Nehru Memorial Cancer Hospital, Prayagraj, India. The survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method; survival rate difference was analyzed by log-rank test, prognosis factors; and hazard ratio for mortality outcomes was estimated using Cox regression method. Results The overall median survival time of patients was 5 months with the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates of 24.4%, 8.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. The 3-year survival for patients with jaundice was 2.9%, liver infiltration (4.2%), gallstones (0.8%), and with advanced tumor grade (1.4%). Elderly GBC patients had lower survival rates (3.8%), while the 3-year overall survival for patients residing in urban areas dropped to zero. No patients in the tumor stage (T3/T4) and with distance metastasis stage survived in 3 years, while only 1.1% of patients with advanced nodal stage survived. On receiving surgery and radiation therapy, the 3-year survival rate increased to 19.5% and 35%, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that urban region (HR = 1.568, p = 0.040), gallstone or not (1.571, p = 0.049), N stage (HR = 1.468, p = 0.029), and M stage (HR = 2.289, p < 0.0001) were independent risk factors for prognosis, while surgery or not (HR = 0.573, p = 0.030) was the protective factor for the prognosis of GBC. Conclusion The overall survival of GBC in the Gangetic belt is poor. The geographical region of patients, gallstones, and N and M stage was the risk factors for prognosis, while surgery or not was the protective factor for the prognosis of GBC.

Effects of cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy on prognosis of patients with advanced gallbladder cancer

“…The tumor stage, distant metastasis, and treatment plan were independent factors affecting prognosis. Many reports have suggested a correlation between tumor stage, distant metastasis, and prognosis in patients with advanced GC[ 19 , 25 , 26 ]. This study found that CRS combined with HIPEC improves the survival time, indicating that this combination is safe and effective.…”

WASF3 overexpression affects the expression of circular RNA hsa-circ-0100153, which promotes breast cancer progression by sponging hsa-miR-31, hsa-miR-767-3p, and hsa-miR-935

“…A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as the cutoff point for prognostic survival significance. This enabled us to determine the association between gene expression and patient survival, providing insights into the prognostic significance of the ceRNA network in breast cancer [ 39 ].…”