Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective

Lemić, Filip; Abadal, Sergi; Tavernier, Wouter; Stroobant, Pieter; Colle, Didier; Alarcón, Eduard; Marquez-Barja, Johann M.; Famaey, Jeroen

doi:10.1109/jsac.2021.3071837

Cited by 81 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 262 publications

(372 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to meet the requirements for new protocols of nano devices at all layers of the protocol stack. Operating in the THz band (0.1-10 THz) is a promising solution at the physical layer (PL) [4], which makes the antenna size very small and thus suitable for exchanging information between nano devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing the Insecure: A First-Line-of-Defense for Body-Centric Nanoscale Communication Systems Operating in THz Band

Aman

Rahman

Abbas

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This manuscript presents a novel mechanism (at the physical layer) for authentication and transmitter identification in a body-centric nanoscale communication system operating in the terahertz (THz) band. The unique characteristics of the propagation medium in the THz band renders the existing techniques (say for impersonation detection in cellular networks) not applicable. In this work, we considered a body-centric network with multiple on-body nano-senor nodes (of which some nano-sensors have been compromised) who communicate their sensed data to a nearby gateway node. We proposed to protect the transmissions on the link between the legitimate nano-sensor nodes and the gateway by exploiting the path loss of the THz propagation medium as the fingerprint/feature of the sender node to carry out authentication at the gateway. Specifically, we proposed a two-step hypothesis testing mechanism at the gateway to counter the impersonation (false data injection) attacks by malicious nano-sensors. To this end, we computed the path loss of the THz link under consideration using the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption (HITRAN) database. Furthermore, to refine the outcome of the two-step hypothesis testing device, we modeled the impersonation attack detection problem as a hidden Markov model (HMM), which was then solved by the classical Viterbi algorithm. As a bye-product of the authentication problem, we performed transmitter identification (when the two-step hypothesis testing device decides no impersonation) using (i) the maximum likelihood (ML) method and (ii) the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), whose parameters are learned via the expectation–maximization algorithm. Our simulation results showed that the two error probabilities (missed detection and false alarm) were decreasing functions of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Specifically, at an SNR of 10 dB with a pre-specified false alarm rate of 0.2, the probability of correct detection was almost one. We further noticed that the HMM method outperformed the two-step hypothesis testing method at low SNRs (e.g., a 10% increase in accuracy was recorded at SNR = −5 dB), as expected. Finally, it was observed that the GMM method was useful when the ground truths (the true path loss values for all the legitimate THz links) were noisy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing the Insecure: A First-Line-of-Defense for Body-Centric Nanoscale Communication Systems Operating in THz Band

Aman

Rahman

Abbas

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…IoBNT is positioned to extend our connectivity and control over non-conventional domains (e.g., human body) with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution, enabling paradigm-shifting applications, particularly in the healthcare domain, such as intrabody continuous health monitoring and theranostic systems with single molecular precision. The broad application prospects of IoBNT have attracted signi icant research interest at the intersection of ICT, bionanotechnology, and medical sciences, with the great majority of studies directed towards (i) the design and implementation of Bio-Nano Things (BNTs) [2,3], (ii) the understanding of natural IoBNTs (e.g., nervous nanonetwork) [4,5], (iii) the development of communication and networking methods for IoBNT (e.g., molecular communications) [6,7,8], (iv) the design of bio/cyber and nano/macro interfaces [9], and (v) the development of new IoBNT applications [10,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of Bio-Nano Things: A review of applications, enabling technologies and key challenges

Kuscu¹,

Unluturk²

2021

ITU-J FET

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Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) is envisioned to be a heterogeneous network of nanoscale and biological devices, so called Bio-Nano Things (BNTs), communicating via non-conventional means, e.g., molecular communications (MC), in non-conventional environments, e.g., inside human body. The main objective of this emerging networking framework is to enable direct and seamless interaction with biological systems for accurate sensing and control of their dynamics in real time. This close interaction between bio and cyber domains with unprecedentedly high spatio-temporal resolution is expected to open up vast opportunities to devise novel applications, especially in healthcare area, such as intrabody continuous health monitoring. There are, however, substantial challenges to be overcome if the enormous potential of the IoBNT is to be realized. These range from developing feasible nanocommunication and energy harvesting techniques for BNTs to handling the big data generated by IoBNT. In this survey, we attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the IoBNT framework along with its main components and applications. An investigation of key technological challenges is presented together with a detailed review of the state-of-the-art approaches and a discussion of future research directions.

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“…Recent advances in nanotechnology pave the way toward in-body nanonetworks [1]. These nanonetworks are primarily envisioned as an enabler for a variety of novel applications in precision medicine, ranging from cellular-level detection of bacteria, viruses, and cancerous cells, to neurosurgery and targeted drug delivery.To fully achieve the provision of these applications, communication between the in-body nanonetworks and the outside world will be needed.In this direction, electromagnetic nanocommunication in the Terahertz (THz) frequencies is broadly seen as one of the most promising enablers [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%