Survey of Solid Waste and Wastewater Separate and Combined Management Strategies in Rural Areas of Iran

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Improper wastewater and solid waste management in rural areas could be a risk to human health and environment pollution. One percent of Iran's rural area is connected to the wastewater collection network. Solid waste management in rural areas of Iran is mainly consisted uncontrolled dumping and open burning. The aim of this study is prioritization of wastewater and solid waste separate and combined management strategies in rural areas of Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study. In this study, firstly were determined appropriate and conventional methods for wastewater and solid waste separate and combined management by using national and case studies. Then, using specified criteria and by applying a weighting system, prioritization was conducted and implementation strategies presented for wastewater and solid waste separate and combined management. Results: The first priority for the collection and treatment, wastewater in rural areas are smalldiameter gravity systems and preliminary treatment with complementary treatment by land, respectively. In order to the rural solid waste management, organic compost complementary systems were in first priority. In the wastewater and solid waste combined management, the first priority was compost and biogas production by combining anaerobic UASB reactor and Chinese biogas. Conclusion: Considering for influence of various factors in selecting an appropriate method is very important in order to wastewater and solid waste separate and the combined management of a rural. Therefore, the accordance of presenting strategy with local conditions and facilities should be taken into consideration.

Solid waste management in rural areas nearby river Ganga at Haridwar in Uttarakhand, India

“…The techniques of sorting and reusing programs at the source are essential to reduce waste generation. From the results, it was observed that the high percentage of food waste and the organic content was the major component of the solid waste in the studied villages (Table 3) (Fahiminia et al 2014;Ugwu et al 2020). Hence, it is recommended that the techniques like pile composting and vermicomposting (Bhatia et al 2011 andRajpal et al 2014) can be opted to reduce the disposal of waste generated in the rural areas.…”

“…Generation of waste: Waste generation rate measurement is the prerequisite to plan and design the program of any waste management. It is an important parameter to improve the practices of solid waste management (Dangi et al 2011;Fahiminia et al 2014). The quantity of the waste produced in studied five villages (Kangri, Shyampur, Sajanpur, Bhogpur and Dummanpuri) is detailed in Table 2 and Fig.…”

Efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in removal of intestinal parasites: A review approach

“…To remove the pollutants present in the wastewater, including organic matter and pathogens, the wastewater must be treated. There are various purification processes including biological treatment such as activated sludge modifications, stabilization ponds, artificial wetlands, lagoon aeration, and trickling filters (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and physicochemical treatment (coagulation, oxidation, ozonation, adsorption membrane technology, and other advanced treatment). The mechanism of parasitic egg removal during sewage treatment processes is different.…”