Survey of recent progress on lightning and lightning protection research

Zeng, Rong; Zhuang, Chijie; Zhou, Xuan; Chen, She; Wang, Zezhong; Yu, Zhanqing; He, Jinliang

doi:10.1049/hve.2016.0004

Cited by 73 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…A streamer is a cold plasma that is common in both nature and industrial processes. As the building blocks of long air-gap discharges, streamer discharges are associated with many insulation problems [10] such as flashovers along an insulator, air-gap breakdowns in DC power systems [9], or lightning bolts [47] where the sprites triggered by the strong quasi-electrostatic field generated by intense cloud-toground lightning flashes have been found to be filament streamer discharges [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient and accurate MPI-based parallel simulator for streamer discharges in three dimensions

Lin

Zhuang

Cai

et al. 2020

Journal of Computational Physics

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In this paper, we propose an efficient and accurate message-passing interface (MPI)-based parallel simulator for streamer discharges in three dimensions using the fluid model. First, we propose a new second-order semi-implicit scheme for the temporal discretization of the model that relaxes the dielectric relaxation time restriction. Moreover, it requires solving the Poisson-type equation only once at each time step, while the classical second-order explicit scheme typically need to do twice. Second, we introduce a geometric multigrid preconditioned FGMRES solver that dramatically improves the efficiency of solving the Poisson-type equation with either constant or variable coefficients. We show numerically that no more than 4 iterations are required for the Poisson solver to converge to a relative residual of 10 −8 during streamer simulations; the FGMRES solver is much faster than R&B SOR and other Krylov subspace solvers. Last but not least, all the methods are implemented using MPI. The parallel efficiency of the code and the fast algorithmic performances are demonstrated by a series of numerical experiments using up to 2560 cores on the Tianhe2-JK clusters. For applications, we study a double-headed streamer discharge as well as the interaction between two streamers, using up to 10.7 billion mesh cells. arXiv:1812.08606v3 [physics.comp-ph] 17 Sep 2019 Recently, Teunissen and Ebert reported on 3D streamer simulations using the parallel adaptive Afivo framework [35], which features adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), geometric multigrid methods for the Poisson equation and OpenMP parallelism. AMR performs well, however, further improvement could be made by replacing the OpenMP parallelism with message-passing interface (MPI) libraries to fully exploit the power of clusters, especially for simulations of very long streamers. Another advance in the MPI-based simulation was reported by Plewa, Eichwald, and Ducasse et al. [28], who used the successive over-relaxation iterative solver in the red and black strategy (R&B SOR) as the Poisson solver, and tested the parallelization and the scalability with cell numbers ranging from 8512 million and core numbers from 201600. Their use of high-performance computing clusters with an MPI implementation reduced the computational time. These previous works suggest an efficient simulator has advantages in the following aspects: (1) an efficient time integration scheme, which may reduce the time marching steps; (2) a fast algebraic elliptic solver, which accelerates the solution of the Poisson equation that dominates the total computing time;(3) a good parallelization, which allows to utilize the full power of modern clusters; (4) adaptive mesh strategies, which can reduce the number of DOFs. This paper contributes to the first three aspects. First,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient and accurate MPI-based parallel simulator for streamer discharges in three dimensions

Lin

Zhuang

Cai

et al. 2020

Journal of Computational Physics

Self Cite

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“…Some researchers obtained the details of lightning propagation process, such as lightning leader characteristics by lightning local systems (LLSs), optical observation techniques and high-speed photography. Zeng 4 summarized the recent progress on lightning physics and lightning protection research, including lightning observation, lightning initiation, lightning downward leader propagation, lightning attachment and return stroke, etc. Lu 5 studied the connecting behavior of the downward and upward leaders during the attachment process preceding the first return stroke by high-speed video images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lightning striking probability for offshore wind turbine blade with salt fog contamination

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/61860/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. The blades of offshore wind turbine are prone to be adhered with salt fog after long-time exposure in the marine-atmosphere environment, and salt fog reduces the efficiency of lightning protection system. In order to study the influence of salt fog on lightning striking probability (LSP), the lightning discharge process model for wind turbine blade is adopted in this paper considering the accumulation mechanism of surface charges around salt fog area. The distribution of potential and electric field with the development of downward leader is

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“…Lightning is a large-scale discharge phenomenon between cloud and cloud or between cloud and ground, as a natural typical electromagnetic hazard source [1,2]. Especially when cloud-to-ground lightning happens, the lightning channel carries hundreds of thousand Ampere current and the rate of rise-time is tens of thousands A/µs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Protection of Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse in Non-Metallic Nacelle of Wind Turbine

et al. 2019

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When the nacelle of a wind turbine is struck by lightning, lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) is generated inside the nacelle and consequently impacts inside electronic devices or even seriously destroys them. In order to study the LEMP inside the nacelle, this paper firstly built a full-scale model of a non-metallic nacelle. The lightning electromagnetic environment in the nacelle was simulated and analyzed by the transmission-line matrix method. Then the protective measures of applying metallic shielding mesh on the nacelle were studied, including the mesh size and material of the shielding mesh on the protective effect. The results show that LEMP in the nacelle can be effectively attenuated by metallic shielding meshes. The shielding effect is highly dependent on the conductivity of the shielding mesh material and the mesh size.

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Survey of recent progress on lightning and lightning protection research

Cited by 73 publications

References 120 publications

An efficient and accurate MPI-based parallel simulator for streamer discharges in three dimensions

An efficient and accurate MPI-based parallel simulator for streamer discharges in three dimensions

The lightning striking probability for offshore wind turbine blade with salt fog contamination

Simulation and Protection of Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse in Non-Metallic Nacelle of Wind Turbine

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