Simulation and Protection of Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse in Non-Metallic Nacelle of Wind Turbine

Zhou, Qibin; Shi, Yize; Bian, Xiaoyan; Zhou, Bo

doi:10.3390/en12091745

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Scholars have conducted a lot of research on a complex electromagnetic environment [11]. The definition of a complex electromagnetic environment is in Reference [5] and uses HEMP, HPM, UWB, and LEMP to characterize the complex electromagnetic environment. Under the same incident conditions and target parameters, the electromagnetic coupling characteristics of UAV PCB in a complex electromagnetic environment are studied respectively.…”

Section: Complex Electromagnetic Pulse Environment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Printed circuit boards, integrated chips, and sensitive devices are among the electronic components in the cavity that are vulnerable to an external complex electromagnetic environment. The circuit board (PCB) is affected by the High-intensity radiation field, which generates induced voltage and current at terminal load and sensitive devices, affecting normal functioning and even causing irreversible failure of components [5]. As a result, study into the reaction characteristics of UAVs in the complex electromagnetic environment has become a hotspot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on electromagnetic coupling characteristics of UAV circuits in the Complex electromagnetic environment

Pan

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The overall circuit model and Complex electromagnetic environment model of a typical UAV are built to explore the survivability of multirotor in the complex electromagnetic environment. The composite theoretical calculation model of the metal cavity aperture coupling and internal circuit coupling is constructed using the established UAV circuit model, which is based on the equivalent magnetic dipole algorithm and the FDTD algorithm. The terminal coupling voltage in the UAV circuit and the electromagnetic field distribution inside the metal cavity are estimated. CST software is used to simulate the response of UAV circuits in the same condition, and the correctness of the theoretical calculation model is confirmed. Then, the terminal coupling voltage of the PCB is used to create an electromagnetic coupling efficiency model. The findings reveal that the constructed composite theoretical model can accurately characterize the electromagnetic coupling characteristics of UAV circuits in the complex electromagnetic environment, with an error range of 1%~8%. When comparing the terminal coupling voltage of PCB in various complicated electromagnetic environments, the High-power microwave (HPM) has the maximum coupling efficiency. HPM initially causes the UAV circuits to attain the damage threshold under identical event conditions and target specifications. The findings could be used as a guide for multirotor circuit board protection in the complex electromagnetic environment, as well as for the development of high-power electromagnetic pulse weaponry.

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Section: Complex Electromagnetic Pulse Environment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on electromagnetic coupling characteristics of UAV circuits in the Complex electromagnetic environment

Pan

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Electromagnetic pulses are produced in lightning events and in nuclear detonations (Nanevicz et al, 2021). Reference (Nanevicz et al, 2021) and (Rabinowitz, 1986) describe the various kinds of electromagnetic pulse, while (Zhou et al, 2019) elaborates on effects of lighting-induced electromagnetic pulse on electronics inside nacelles of wind turbines. Kim and Jeong (2019) investigated effects of electromagnetic pulse on Korean power systems.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

Countering the Deleterious Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse

Sands

2021

Front.Electron.

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Robot systems like automated shipping swinging robots, wire transducer sensors and even computer indigenous time sensors (amongst others) often use oscillating circuits such as the famous van der Pol system, while this manuscript investigates protection of such sensor circuitry to spurious voltage spikes accompanying an electromagnetic pulse. These spurious voltages can lead to uncontrolled robot motion and even debilitation. A very brief discussion of electromagnetic pulses yields design parameters to evaluate circuit responses to realistic disturbing pulses. Recent research in nonlinear-adaptive methods to protect circuits are described to highlight the proposed novelty: utilization of feedback rules as adaptive mechanisms to modify the otherwise nonlinear feedforwards systems improving the results in recent literature. Feedback is iterated to select adaption parameters that simultaneously produce favorable circuit performance in addition to effective parameter identification inherent in the adaption (to provide meaningful parameter estimates to unspecified future applications). Spurious voltages were rapidly rejected with a mere 0.3% trajectory deviation, stabilizing quickly with a final (steady state) deviation of 0.01%. The demonstrated abilities to reject the deleterious spurious effects are compared to nominal figures of merit for timing accuracy of various computer systems to conclude the proposed methods are effective for some applications, but insufficient for others.

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“…Recent research (Zhou, Shi, Bian, & Zhou, 2019;Rodriguez, 2017;Sands, 2020;Zhang, Li, Qi, Liu, Song, & Wang, 2018;Lobo, Lang, Starks, & Sands, 2018;Kim & Jeong, 2019;Sands, 2019;Lee, Park, Singh, Choi, Mandal, Jang, & Yang, 2020Lee, Choe, Baek, Singh, & Ismail, 2017Sands, 2017;Amore, Boyd, & Francisco, 2017;Glazunov, Vorobyeva, Vdovin, & Slepkov, 2019;Gaynutdinov & Chermoshentsev, 2016;Sands, Kim, & Agrawal, 2009;Tony & Sadeghpour, 2013;He & Cai, 2019;Sands, Kim, & Agrawal, 2007;Walter, Nunnenkamp, & Bruder, 2014;Smeresky, Rizzo, & Sands, 2020;Sands, Kim, & Agrawal, 2012;Hall & Sands, 2020) into van der Pol equations and deterministic artificial intelligence stemming from a genesis in nonlinear adaptive control has investigated resiliency and two in particular (Sands, 2017;Cooper, Heidlauf, & Sands, 2017) evaluate representative timing circuits for nuclear command and control systems vis a vis the van der Pol circuit in equation ( 1) whose unforced nature is depicted in figure 4a. Notice regardless the initial voltage condition, the circuit quickly follows the "limit cycle" trajectory, a natural inherent dynamic of the differential equation governing the circuit's voltage behavior.…”

Section: Future Research: Resiliency To Deleterious Effects Of Electr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The circuit is an effective timing circuit due to this inherent dynamic, in that regardless the condition the voltage will follow this natural trajectory establishing a fixed time for voltage to oscillate back to a specified value. These circuits can be upset by impingement of large voltages and currents from electromagnetic pulses as described in (Zhou, Shi, Bian, & Zhou, 2019). A key finding was that location in the limit cycle of impingement determines the disparate impact on the timing circuit, since the circuit quickly returns to the limit cycle with a displaced progress on the limit cycle.…”

Section: Future Research: Resiliency To Deleterious Effects Of Electr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distant Blocking of Celestial Lines of Communications Using Electromagnetic Pulse

Dmytryszyn¹,

Crook²

2020

APR

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The potentially imminent and existential threat from a nuclear electromagnetic pulse are arguably inflated, voiced to garner attention to the true issue, that today’s microelectronics are incredibly vulnerable to electromagnetic damage caused by sudden voltage spikes from the electromagnetic pollution. Additionally, a nuclear electromagnetic pulse does not need to be detonated in outer space to cause signification disruption to communications systems’ data and information flow across the celestial domain. High altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) detonations do not need to occur in outer space to have wide ranging effects; in describing electromagnetic pulses, the high-altitude moniker is tied to any detonation above nineteen miles (thirty point-five kilometers). High altitude electromagnetic pulse detonations ranging from fifty to one hundred kilometers can project wave effects into outer space and affect spacecraft through both direct damage (contemporary views regarding electromagnetic pulse) and radiation-induced torques on the solar arrays, misaligning satellite antennas and sensors. If an actor – state or otherwise – wished to compete or contest another along the congested celestial lines of communications (CLOCs), it can be done at great distance from the affected entity by use of a high altitude electromagnetic pulse on the ‘far side’ of the orbit. Additionally, the historic maritime tactic of blockade has applicability in space; yesterday’s ships are today’s gamma ray damage to microelectronics. Furthermore, the employment of a nuclear weapon-delivered high-altitude electromagnetic pulse remains a treaty violation, for those who are a party to. However, greater jurisprudence study is lacking regarding this matter, and the accompanying concern of transboundary harm as it relates to territorial sovereignty. In summary, an actor can contest another’s use of the celestial lines of communications by detonating a nuclear weapon, at high-altitude but within the atmosphere (i.e., below one hundred kilometers), and within the lateral boundaries of their sovereign territory and associated territorial waters, and allow wave’s effects to radiate widely to interrupt operations and possibly inflict permanent damage, all without being in violation of treaty or customary law. This manuscript substantiates the prequel baseline for follow-on research on mitigation of the deleterious effects on communication system circuits in attempts to void the blockage on celestial lines of communications, and the sequel is briefly introduced with a short description of the state-of-the-art research.

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Simulation and Protection of Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse in Non-Metallic Nacelle of Wind Turbine

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Research on electromagnetic coupling characteristics of UAV circuits in the Complex electromagnetic environment

Research on electromagnetic coupling characteristics of UAV circuits in the Complex electromagnetic environment

Countering the Deleterious Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse

Distant Blocking of Celestial Lines of Communications Using Electromagnetic Pulse

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