Survey of Photonic and Plasmonic Interconnect Technologies for Intra-Datacenter and High-Performance Computing Communications

Thraskias, Christos Α.; Lallas, Eythimios N.; Neumann, Niels; Schares, Laurent; Offrein, Bert Jan; Henker, Ronny; Plettemeier, Dirk; Ellinger, Frank; Leuthold, Juerg; Tomkos, Ioannis

doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2839672

Cited by 114 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…It is the aim of this comprehensive survey then, to highlight the key roles of plasmon based technologies on equipping future competitive THz nanoscale communication systems hosting wireless THz nanoapplications, namely NoCs, WNSNs and beyond 5G communications. This survey paper may be well considered as a complementary work of [15], which had emphasized on key roles of plasmonics and silicon photonics, on equipping wired ultra-high bit rate interconnects, ranging from nanoscale intra and inter-chip interconnections, up to board to board and rack to rack interconnections between data centers (DCs).Particularly, the current work aims to complete the fundamental roles of plasmonic elements and mechanisms referred in the previous work, by associating the currently under investigation, THz system infrastructure in wireless communications. The potential of the THz communications is highlighted by illustrating the basic design issues in equipping these three important THz applications, that will define future wireless application demands coping with users' needs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Lallas

2019

Applied Sciences

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Wireless data traffic has experienced an unprecedented boost in past years, and according to data traffic forecasts, within a decade, it is expected to compete sufficiently with wired broadband infrastructure. Therefore, the use of even higher carrier frequency bands in the THz range, via adoption of new technologies to equip future THz band wireless communication systems at the nanoscale is required, in order to accommodate a variety of applications, that would satisfy the ever increasing user demands of higher data rates. Certain wireless applications such as 5G and beyond communications, network on chip system architectures, and nanosensor networks, will no longer satisfy speed and latency demands with existing technologies and system architectures. Apart from conventional CMOS technology, and the already tested, still promising though, photonic technology, other technologies and materials such as plasmonics with graphene respectively, may offer a viable infrastructure solution on existing THz technology challenges. This survey paper is a thorough investigation on the current and beyond state of the art plasmonic system implementation for THz communications, by providing in-depth reference material, highlighting the fundamental aspects of plasmonic technology roles in future THz band wireless communication and THz wireless applications, that will define future demands coping with users' needs. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5488 2 of 34 communications, researchers have been focused on taking advantage of higher regions in the radio spectrum, pointing to the THz band communication and infrastructure, as a promising solution to equip 5G plus networks, thus enabling efficient operation of bandwidth hungry applications, that are not feasible at the moment with current infrastructure.Wireless NoC (WiNoC) [5] with its inherent broadcast capability, appears as a promising approach to overcome all abovementioned bottlenecks of ancestor technologies. Ultra small miniature sizes of plasmon based antennas and other nanolink components as well, with considerably much less wiring, are the desired features of this technology, in order to enable the integration of one or multiple antennas per core, paving the way for dense, scalable NoC schemes, as required by future applications. Graphene based WiNoCs (GWiNoCs) is probably the most updated promising approach for THz nanoscale wireless communications, and it is therefore considered to be the basis for implementing future on chip network architectures. Alternatively, hybrid optical wireless schemes, may be also proved to be a promising NoC solution [6], by combining the best assets of these two worlds: low loss dielectric waveguide media, and miniature sized plasmonic material oscillating at THz rates.Last, wireless nanosensor networks (WNSNs) is another established THz nanoscale application, with basic similarities as in WiNoCs, such as core to core or to memory communication, but also with other unique characteristic types of communication, mainly between nanosensors and nanomachin...

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Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Lallas

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…A promising technology is optical interconnects [154,170] that replace traditional copper wires by optical links. Optical interconnects could potentially offer lower latency, lower power consumption, and higher throughput than current solutions.…”

Section: Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Landscape of Exascale Research

et al. 2020

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The next generation of supercomputers will break the exascale barrier. Soon we will have systems capable of at least one quintillion (billion billion) floating-point operations per second (10 18 FLOPS). Tremendous amounts of work have been invested into identifying and overcoming the challenges of the exascale era. In this work, we present an overview of these efforts and provide insight into the important trends, developments, and exciting research opportunities in exascale computing. We use a three-stage approach in which we (1) discuss various exascale landmark studies, (2) use data-driven techniques to analyze the large collection of related literature, and (3) discuss eight research areas in depth based on influential articles. Overall, we observe that great advancements have been made in tackling the two primary exascale challenges: energy efficiency and fault tolerance. However, as we look forward, we still foresee two major concerns: the lack of suitable programming tools and the growing gap between processor performance and data bandwidth (i.e., memory, storage, networks). Although we will certainly reach exascale soon, without additional research, these issues could potentially limit the applicability of exascale computing.

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“…P I and P O represent stages without OSEs, these two stages are a combination of straight and crossing waveguides and are represented using Equations (7) and (8), respectively. P I is a column permutation matrix while P O is a row permutation matrix.…”

Section: Six-port Non-blocking Reconfigurable Optical Switch Architecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the future requirements for the above-mentioned applications cannot be fulfilled using conventional on-chip electrical interconnects [5,6]. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has acknowledged ONoCs as a substitute to overcome the limitations of traditional on-chip interconnects [7]. Silicon photonics can deliver higher on-chip communication bandwidth by exploiting wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) with lower latency and power consumption, and can achieve a bandwidth of terabits per second (Tbps) [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HoneyComb ROS: A 6 × 6 Non-Blocking Optical Switch with Optimized Reconfiguration for ONoCs

Yahya

Gao

et al. 2019

Electronics

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Silicon photonics has become a commonly used paradigm for on-chip interconnects to meet the requirements of higher bandwidth in computationally intensive applications for manycore processors. Design of an optical switch is a vital aspect while constructing an optical NoC topology which influences the performance of network. We present a HoneyComb optimized reconfigurable optical switch (HCROS), a 6 × 6 non-blocking optical switch where optimized reconfiguration of optical links utilizing the states of basic 2 × 2 optical switching elements (OSE) was achieved while keeping the input-output (I/O) interconnection intact. The proposed 6-port HCROS architecture was further optimized to reduce the number of OSEs to minimize overall power consumption. We proposed a generic algorithm to find the optimal switching combination of OSEs for a particular I/O link to minimize the insertion loss and power consumption. In comparison to other non-blocking architectures, a maximum of 66% reduction in OSEs was observed for the optimized HCROS, which consumes only 12 OSEs. Simulations were performed for all 720 I/O links in different configurations to evaluate the power consumption and insertion loss. We observed up to 92% power savings in the case of optimized HCROS as compared to un-optimized HCROS, and a 79% minimization in insertion loss was also reported as a result of optimization.

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Survey of Photonic and Plasmonic Interconnect Technologies for Intra-Datacenter and High-Performance Computing Communications

Cited by 114 publications

References 229 publications

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

The Landscape of Exascale Research

HoneyComb ROS: A 6 × 6 Non-Blocking Optical Switch with Optimized Reconfiguration for ONoCs

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