Survey of Microbial Contamination of Ophthalmic Ointments▲

Bowman, Frances W.; Knoll, Everett W.; White, Mack; Mislivec, Philip B.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600610407

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Contamination leads to product degradation or, if it is contaminated with pathogens, allows the product to act as a fomite to potentially spread infection to susceptible users (4,15,16,18,21). Microbial contamination of cosmetic products may also occur during their manufacture (5,7). While microbial contamination from manufacturing is controlled by careful attention to sanitary processing and adequate preservation, contamination from consumer use is controlled by product preservation and, as our results show, by container designs that provide for minimal exposure of the product to consumer and environmental microbial insult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type of closure prevents microbial contamination of cosmetics during consumer use

Brannan

Dille

1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The dispensing closure used for containers plays an important role in protecting cosmetics from in-use microbial contamination. This hypothesis was tested by aseptically packing unpreserved shampoo and skin lotion into containers with three different closure types which provided various degrees of protection against consumer and environmental microbial insults. Shampoo was packed in containers with slit-cap (n = 25), flip-cap (n = 25), or screw-cap (n = 28) closures. Skin lotion was packed in containers with pump-top (n = 21), flip-cap (n = 18), or screw-cap (n = 21) closures. The products were then used by volunteers under actual in-use conditions for 3 (shampoo) or 2 (skin lotion) weeks. After use, the products were evaluated for microbial contamination by using standard methods for enumeration and identification. The standard screw-cap closure provided only minimal protection against microbial contamination of both the shampoo (29% contamination incidence) and the skin lotion (71%). The slit-cap closure on the shampoo container and the flip-cap closure on the skin lotion container provided slightly enhanced degrees of protection (21 and 39% contamination incidence, respectively). The greatest amount of protection (i.e., lowest contamination incidence) was provided by the flip-cap closure for the shampoo container (0%) and the pump-top closure for the skin lotion container (10%). As a result, closure type plays an important role in protecting poorly preserved products from in-use microbial contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type of closure prevents microbial contamination of cosmetics during consumer use

Brannan

Dille

1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A presença de substâncias ácidas diminui o valor D, tempo de redução decimal de sobrevivência de microrganismos (Ringertz, Ringertz, 1982). A esterilização térmica eleva a quantidade de substâncias ácidas, quando comparada à esterilização por filtração em membrana (Robertson, 1974;Bowman et al, 1972;Tsuji, Robertson, 1970). Os resultados evidenciaram a ausência de atividade inibitória do miristato de isopropila sobre os microrganismos empregados no ensaio (Tabelas III e IV).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Validação de método para avaliação da qualidade sanitária de preparação cosmética de base lipófila

Bou‐Chacra¹,

Ohara²

2003

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm.

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A validação de método para a avaliação da qualidade sanitária de produto cosmético de base lipófila foi efetuada empregando-se neutralizantes químicos e diluição para a eliminação de efeito inibitório no crescimento microbiano. Para a preparação da amostra foi empregado miristato de isopropila e polissorbato 20. Além dessas substâncias, foi adicionado ao diluente 0,5% (p/v) de lecitina de soja visando à neutralização do cloreto de benzalcônio. Os ensaios foram efetuados objetivando a comprovação da ausência de efeito inibitório no crescimento microbiano decorrente de atividade antimicrobiana do produto, assim como dos agentes neutralizantes, tensoativos e solubilizante empregados no ensaio.

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“…The challenge test, however, classified the parabeninfection to susceptible users (4,22,23,25,32). In addition, preserved skin lotion as marginally preserved when it was, in microbial insults to cosmetic products may occur during fact, able to withstand consumer use without becoming their manufacture (5,8). Microbial insults from manufacture contaminated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of in vitro challenge testing with consumer use testing for cosmetic products

Brannan

Dille

Kaufman

1987

Appl Environ Microbiol

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An in vitro microbial challenge test has been developed to predict the likelihood of consumer contamination of cosmetic products. The challenge test involved inoculating product at four concentrations (30, 50, 70, and 100%) with microorganisms known to contaminate cosmetics. Elimination of these microorganisms at each concentration was followed over a 28-day period. The test was used to classify products as poorly preserved, marginally preserved, or well preserved. Consumer use testing was then used to determine whether the test predicted the risk of actual consumer contamination. Products classified by the challenge test as poorly preserved returned 46 to 90% contaminated after use. Products classified by the challenge test as well preserved returned with no contamination. Marginally preserved products returned with 0 to 21% of the used units contaminated. As a result, the challenge test described can be accurately used to predict the risk of consumer contamination of cosmetic products.

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Survey of Microbial Contamination of Ophthalmic Ointments▲

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Type of closure prevents microbial contamination of cosmetics during consumer use

Type of closure prevents microbial contamination of cosmetics during consumer use

Validação de método para avaliação da qualidade sanitária de preparação cosmética de base lipófila

Correlation of in vitro challenge testing with consumer use testing for cosmetic products

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