Correlation of in vitro challenge testing with consumer use testing for cosmetic products

Brannan, Daniel K.; Dille, J C; Kaufman, David

doi:10.1128/aem.53.8.1827-1832.1987

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cosmetics application is largely restricted to the skin. Staphylococcus aureus is a common skin microorganism that can cause boils, impetigo, conjunctivitis, folliculitis and food poisoning [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Microbiological Study between Traditional and Modern Cosmetics in Saudi Arabia

Eldesoukey¹,

Alqhtani²,

Alqhtani³

et al. 2016

Enz Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cosmetic products support microbial growth due to the presence of variable amounts of nutrients. The most bacterial contaminants that were found in cosmetic products Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Achromobacter and Alcaligenes. Mostly due to contaminated water. So this study aimed to determine and compare between the microbial contamination of traditional products such as Athmad (kohl), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), (Ocimum), Sedr (Rhamnus), Musk, Derum (Juglan regia L.), Mshat (Alcea) and Magic rouge in addition to modern cosmetic products from cheap and valuable trade mark such as Mascara, Eyeliner, Rouge, Plusher, Face powder and Foundation in two different states of use (intact and in-use). In this study, 67 traditional and modern cosmetic products analyzed microbiologically, the result revealed that Salmonella was the predominant isolates from intact and used collected samples with an equal incidence 76% equal to the incidence of Staph. epidermis from used samples followed by Staph. epidermis with an incidence of 57% from intact isolates while the incidences of Staph aureus were 43% and 16% from intact and used samples respectively. Among intact and used samples E. coli was isolated from only 2 samples with low incidence 0.02% and 0.04% respectively. The incidence of microbial contamination was higher in modern cosmetics than traditional cosmetics especially in Athmed (kohl) samples, also microbial contamination was high in incidence in mascara, plusher and eye shadow as modern cosmetics , so it could be concluded that cosmetic products produced in Riyadh , can be contami nated during the production process and they can serve as vehicles for the transmission of these pathogenic organisms. Therefore it is important to take precautions during production process in order to pre vent infections due to microbial contamination.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Microbiological Study between Traditional and Modern Cosmetics in Saudi Arabia

Eldesoukey¹,

Alqhtani²,

Alqhtani³

et al. 2016

Enz Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One older study investigated the effect of MCI/MI concentrations between 200 p.p.m. and 400 p.p.m., which is well above the concentration allowed today (21). Farrington et al (22) investigated a preservative system consisting of two parabens and quaternium‐15 and found that low concentrations of all three preservatives in combinations were more efficient than one or two of the preservatives in higher concentrations.…”

Section: Legislation Labelling and Usage Of Cosmetic Preservativesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Over preservation potentially leads to more cases of cosmetic‐related contact allergy. Research on the antimicrobial efficiency of preservatives in cosmetic products has not been given much attention, and currently, only three different published studies have investigated the concentration‐dependent effect of preservatives in cosmetic products (21–23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination versus preservation of cosmetics: a review on legislation, usage, infections, and contact allergy

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cosmetics with high water content are at a risk of being contaminated by micro-organisms that can alter the composition of the product or pose a health risk to the consumer. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently found in contaminated cosmetics. In order to avoid contamination of cosmetics, the manufacturers add preservatives to their products. In the EU and the USA, cosmetics are under legislation and all preservatives must be safety evaluated by committees. There are several different preservatives available but the cosmetic market is dominated by a few preservatives: parabens, formaldehyde, formaldehyde releasers, and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone.Allergy to preservatives is one of the main reasons for contact eczema caused by cosmetics. Concentration of the same preservative in similar products varies greatly, and this may indicate that some cosmetic products are over preserved. As development and elicitation of contact allergy is dose dependent, over preservation of cosmetics potentially leads to increased incidences of contact allergy. Very few studies have investigated the antimicrobial efficiency of preservatives in cosmetics, but the results indicate that efficient preservation is obtainable with concentrations well below the maximum allowed.

show abstract

“…Microbial challenge test. Our previously validated challenge test was used to confirm lack of product hostility; the details of this test (e.g., organisms and concentrations used) have been described previously (8). The test involves inoc-ulating various dilutions of the product with a variety of preservative-resistant microorganisms and following the course of their elimination from the product over 28 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously described a microbial challenge test that accurately predicted the risk of consumer contamination of cosmetics during ordinary use (8). The test was able to categorize two classes of cosmetics (shampoos and skin lotions) as either poorly preserved, marginally preserved, or well preserved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Type of closure prevents microbial contamination of cosmetics during consumer use

Brannan

Dille

1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dispensing closure used for containers plays an important role in protecting cosmetics from in-use microbial contamination. This hypothesis was tested by aseptically packing unpreserved shampoo and skin lotion into containers with three different closure types which provided various degrees of protection against consumer and environmental microbial insults. Shampoo was packed in containers with slit-cap (n = 25), flip-cap (n = 25), or screw-cap (n = 28) closures. Skin lotion was packed in containers with pump-top (n = 21), flip-cap (n = 18), or screw-cap (n = 21) closures. The products were then used by volunteers under actual in-use conditions for 3 (shampoo) or 2 (skin lotion) weeks. After use, the products were evaluated for microbial contamination by using standard methods for enumeration and identification. The standard screw-cap closure provided only minimal protection against microbial contamination of both the shampoo (29% contamination incidence) and the skin lotion (71%). The slit-cap closure on the shampoo container and the flip-cap closure on the skin lotion container provided slightly enhanced degrees of protection (21 and 39% contamination incidence, respectively). The greatest amount of protection (i.e., lowest contamination incidence) was provided by the flip-cap closure for the shampoo container (0%) and the pump-top closure for the skin lotion container (10%). As a result, closure type plays an important role in protecting poorly preserved products from in-use microbial contamination.

show abstract

Correlation of in vitro challenge testing with consumer use testing for cosmetic products

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative Microbiological Study between Traditional and Modern Cosmetics in Saudi Arabia

Comparative Microbiological Study between Traditional and Modern Cosmetics in Saudi Arabia

Contamination versus preservation of cosmetics: a review on legislation, usage, infections, and contact allergy

Type of closure prevents microbial contamination of cosmetics during consumer use

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About