Survey of ground beetles inhabiting agricultural crops in south-east Kazakhstan

Abstract

Ground beetles (Carabid beetles) may be found in virtually all of the world's habitats. They are one of the three most diverse families of extant beetles, with 34,275 species documented, and they serve as vital ecological markers in all environments. Edaphic living beetles catch and eat a wide variety of arthropods that live in the soil. In the case of weeds, most of the ground beetles eat their seeds and help regulate their populations. The findings of a field study in agrocenoses in South-East Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2020 are presented in this article. Twenty-seven ground beetle species from 9 genera were discovered as a consequence of the study. 670 soil traps yielded a total of 1012 beetles. Polytopic mesophilic beetles provide the foundation of the agrocenoses fauna. Hygrophils, mesophiles, and eurybionts are among the beetles found in irrigated areas, as are mixed and herbivorous species. The Carabidae family of beetles is the most numerous in fields and steppe settings. As a result, mixed-diet beetles can be found depending on the habitat and air temperature. The species of beetles in all fields in the investigation area are in accordance with the insects’ complex. During the growth season, the diet of beetles shifts: predatory beetles take precedence initially, followed by mixed-diet beetles.

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“…The intial step in assisting patients in better controlling their condition is to improve self-care behaviors, which emphasizes the significance of efficient elements for the patient self-treatment. Self-care also enhances the effectiveness of the illness's therapy and declines the likelihood of complications [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

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“…The total hepatic content of the cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450 were estimated by the method of Omura [27]. The activity of NADPHcytochrome C-reductase was assayed according to the method of Williams and Kamin [28], the activity of amidopyrine N-demethylase was measured according to Nash [29] and the activity of aniline 4-hydroxylase was measured according to the method described by Kato and Gillette [30].…”

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“…In addition, AmpC -lactamasesproducing ESBL-producing bacteria can result in a false negative when trying to detect ESBL. More crucially, the presence of the gene as detected by PCR does not necessarily mean that the gene is expressed because the expression of -lactamase genes depends on the environmental factors including the use of antibiotics [27][28][29][30][31].…”