Survey of computed tomography techniques and absorbed dose in Italian hospitals: a comparison between two methods to estimate the dose–length product and the effective dose and to verify fulfilment of the diagnostic reference levels

Origgi, Daniela; Vigorito, S.; Villa, Giulia; Bellomi, Massimo; Tosi, G

doi:10.1007/s00330-005-2682-4

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Adult abdomen and pelvic CT examinations appear to have the highest effective dose, ranging from 5.4 mSv to 19.8 mSv with a mean value of 13.6 mSv. Generally, the estimated effective doses from computed tomography examinations are comparable to published results; we estimated a mean effective dose of 1.8 mSv for head CT examinations and Clarke et al [31]; Tsia [32] and Origgi et al [33] quoted values of 1.3 mSv, 1.6 mSv, and 1.8 mSv, respectively, for the same examination. The wide range of effective doses for the same examinations in this study could be due to the broad range of mAs and scan lengths employed, which is due to the differences in patient sizes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

A Survey of Organ Equivalent and Effective Doses from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures

Osei

Darko

2013

ISRN Radiology

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The quantification of radiation risks associated with radiological examinations has been a subject of interest with the increased use of X-rays. Effective dose, which is a risk-weighted measure of radiation to organs in the body associated with radiological examination, is considered a good indicator of radiological risk. We have therefore investigated patient effective doses from radiological examinations. Organ and effective doses were estimated for 94 patients who underwent computed tomography examinations and for 338 patients who had conventional radiography examinations. The OrgDose (version 2) program was used for the estimation of effective doses. The tube potential ranges: 57 kVp to 138 kVp depending on the examination and patient size. The entrance surface doses have a wide range even for the same examination: 0.44–10.31 mGy (abdomen) and 0.66–16.08 mGy (lumbar spine) and the corresponding effective dose ranges 0.025–0.77 mSv and 0.025–0.95 mSv respectively. Effective dose for adult abdomen-pelvic CT examinations ranges 5.4–19.8 mSv with a mean of 13.6 mSv and for pediatrics ranges 2.1–5.5 mSv with a mean of 2.7 mSv. The mean effective dose for adult chest and head CT examinations are 7.9 and 1.8 mSv respectively and for pediatrics are 1.7 and 1.1 mSv.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

A Survey of Organ Equivalent and Effective Doses from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures

Osei

Darko

2013

ISRN Radiology

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“…Through the training education of radiological technicians and doctors, promoting the use of IR imaging instead of FBP imaging may be a viable method for optimizing the effective dose and image quality. Defining CT reference levels of DLP or CTDI v may also be a suitable approach to lowering or optimizing the collective effective dose [17, 18]. Currently, no official dose reference level has been suggested, and further research could be conducted to analyze the reference level in Taiwan.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Population Effective Dose of Medical Computed Tomography Examinations in Taiwan for 2013

Yeh¹,

Tsai²,

Tyan³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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PurposeTo evaluate the annual effective dose per capita attributed to computed tomography (CT) examinations in 2013 and to predict the population effective dose from 2000 to 2013 in Taiwan.MethodsA CT examination database collected from 30 hospitals was divided into 22 procedures and classified into six regions: head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and other, respectively. The effective doses in different regions were evaluated by dose-length product (DLP) multiplied by conversion factors.ResultsThe CT scan dose parameters were collected from 4,407 patients. For the six scanned regions, the percentages of patients scanned were: head (39.8%), neck (3.9%), chest (23.3%), abdomen (26.7%), pelvis (4.8%), and other (1.6%), respectively. The DLPs per patient (mGy·cm/patient) were head (1,071±225), neck (1,103±615), chest (724±509), abdomen (1,315±550), pelvis (1,231±620) and other (1,407±937), respectively. The number of CT examinations increased rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 7.6%. The number of CT examinations in 2013 was 2.6 times that in 2000. The population effective dose was 0.30 mSv per capita in 2000 and increased to 0.74 mSv per capita in 2013, with an annual growth rate of 7.2%. The growth trend indicates that the effective dose will continue to rise in Taiwan.ConclusionSome strategies should be applied to cope with this growth. Defining the CT dose reference level stipulated in official recommendations and encouraging the use of iterative reconstruction imaging instead of filtered back-projection imaging could be a useful method for optimizing the effective dose and image quality.

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“…Radiation doses encountered in DXA examinations are considerably lower than those associated with other diagnostic X-ray examinations [27,28]. Specifically, the patient effective dose from a peripheral DXA scan is lower than 1 μSv.…”

Section: Radiation Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

An update on the assessment of osteoporosis using radiologic techniques

2006

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In this article, the currently available radiologic techniques for assessing osteoporosis are reviewed. Density measurements of the skeleton using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are clinically indicated for the assessment of osteoporosis and for the evaluation of therapies. DXA is the most widely used technique for identifying patients with osteoporosis. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is the only method, which provides a volumetric density. Unlike DXA, QCT allows for selective trabecular measurement and is less sensitive to degenerative diseases of the spine. The analysis of bone structure in conjunction with bone density is an exciting new field in the assessment of osteoporosis. High-resolution multi-slice CT and micro-CT are useful tools for the assessment of bone microarchitecture. A growing literature indicates that quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques are capable of assessing fracture risk. Although the ease of use and the absence of ionizing radiation make QUS attractive, the specific role of QUS techniques in clinical practice needs further determination. Considerable progress has been made in the development of MR techniques for assessing osteoporosis during the last few years. In addition to relaxometry techniques, high-resolution MR imaging, diffusion MR imaging and in-vivo MR spectroscopy may be used to quantify trabecular bone architecture and mineral composition.

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Survey of computed tomography techniques and absorbed dose in Italian hospitals: a comparison between two methods to estimate the dose–length product and the effective dose and to verify fulfilment of the diagnostic reference levels

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

A Survey of Organ Equivalent and Effective Doses from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures

A Survey of Organ Equivalent and Effective Doses from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures

The Population Effective Dose of Medical Computed Tomography Examinations in Taiwan for 2013

An update on the assessment of osteoporosis using radiologic techniques

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