Survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination of dairy products in Taiwan

Lin, Lu; Liu, F.-M.; Fu, Yanwei; Shih, Daniel Yang-Chih

doi:10.38212/2224-6614.2652

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the winter, 27.7 and 40%, respectively, were above the EU limits, posing a considerable threat to the population's health (Iqbal et al, 2017). In Taiwan, 12.5% of the samples of yogurt beverages were contaminated with AFM1 but at low levels (Lin et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Occurrence Of Aflatoxin M 1 In Fermented Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in industrial and traditional fermented milk

2021

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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a toxic secreted into the milk of animals fed with diets contaminated by aflatoxin B1, which can cause some adverse health effects in humans. The occurrence of AFM1 in dairy products varies based on several factors, including the fermentation process. In this article, the published citations from January 2000 to October 2020 regarding the AFM1 occurrence in industrial and traditional fermented milk were systemically reviewed. According to the findings, a reducing trend in the AFM1 contamination of fermented milk was observed over the years, mainly in traditional products. Despite this trend, further control measures besides the preventative approaches are needed to deal with the high levels of AFM1 in fermented milk.

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Section: The Occurrence Of Aflatoxin M 1 In Fermented Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in industrial and traditional fermented milk

2021

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“…In Spain, AFM1 was recorded in 8/69 (12%) of infant formulas, with a mean concentration of 0.0031 µg/kg and a range of 0.0006-0.0116 µg/kg, and none exceeded the EC comission limit (Gómez et al, 2010). In Taiwan, no AFM1 was detected in 21 analyzed baby infant formula samples (Lin et al, 2004). In Greece, no kids milk sample had AFM1 level exceeding the EC limit (Tsakiris et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 Through Ingestion of Infant Formula in Türkiye

Demir

Ağaoğlu

2023

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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The objectives of the study were to determine the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) content in ınfant formula samples in Türkiye and to assess the risk of infants’ exposure to aflatoxins food contamination. A total number of 72 samples of infant formulas (premature, hipoallergenic, 0-6, 6-9,9-12 and 12-36 months) were analyzed for the presence of AFM1 using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. 49% of the samples (35 samples) were contaminated with AFM1 and the group most highly contaminated with AFM1 was infant formulas 12-36 (8 samples) months. In addition, this study aimed at evaluating AFM1 levels especially above international (European Commission) (0.025 µg/kg) and local (Türkiye Food Codex Regulation) (0.025 µg/kg) standards and cancer risks associated with the ingestion of infant formula sampled from Türkiye. Five samples of infant formula had AFM1 concentration above maximum allowable concentration according to the standards. Risk assessments of AFM1 for infants ranged between 0.002- 0.035 ng/kg bw/day and >100.000–5263.15 respectively for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), and Margin of Exposure (MOE). The riskiest group was determined in the 9-12 months samples. Results of our study indicate the high risk of infants’ exposure, who are at the early stage of development and vulnerable to toxic contaminants.

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“…Studies have shown that livestock converts approximately 0.3-6.2% of ingested Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) into Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in. If the intake of AFB1 is halted, the concentration of AFM1 in the milk drops to an undetectable level after about 72 hours (Chin Lin et al, 2004;Ardic, 2009;Ardic et al, 2009;Fallah, 2010;Martins & Martins, 2004;Van Egmond, 1982). Aflatoxin M1 presence in milk is undesirable thus should be eliminated at all costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk: A serious issue to be tackled

Zahra

2024

JNFP

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This comprehensive review addresses the critical issue of Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk, emphasizing its presence, detection methods, permissible levels, and associated health risks. Aflatoxin M1, a carcinogenic byproduct of Aflatoxin B1, poses significant concerns for the safety of milk, a crucial source of essential nutrients. Regulatory standards from entities like the European Union, U.S. FDA, and FSSAI highlight the need for monitoring and controlling contamination to protect public health. The review extensively explores diverse detection techniques, with ELISA standing out for its speed and precision. Preventive measures, including inhibiting contaminated feed intake, vaccination strategies, and judicious feed usage, are discussed as effective means to minimize Aflatoxin M1 in milk. However, complete elimination remains challenging, leading to the exploration of additional detoxification methods. The review covers various approaches during milk processing, such as pasteurization, sterilization, and the potential roles of probiotics. Absorption materials like bentonite and activated carbon show promise in binding and removing Aflatoxin M1, while chemical approaches with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide are examined with a cautious note on potential risks. Novel detoxification techniques involving plant extracts, including black cumin, garlic, and broccoli, is highlighted for their antioxidant properties. In conclusion, this review provides a foundational understanding of the multifaceted challenge of Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk, offering insights for future research and the development of effective strategies to ensure the safety and quality of this dietary staple.

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Survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination of dairy products in Taiwan

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in industrial and traditional fermented milk

The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in industrial and traditional fermented milk

Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 Through Ingestion of Infant Formula in Türkiye

Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk: A serious issue to be tackled

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