Surveillance of Phthalate Esters in Surface Waters and Sediments in the United States

Michael, Paul R.; Adams, William J.; Werner, A. Frances; Hicks, Orville

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1984)3[377:sopeis]2.0.co;2

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The microbial culture medium used in the experiments contained the following (all concentrations in mg L −1 ): K 2 [18] The pH of the medium was adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide before autoclaving at 121 • C for 25 min.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate in a soil microcosm

Liao

2010

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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This study investigated the effects of various culture treatments on di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) degradation and the survival conditions of DBP-degrading bacterial strains in a soil microcosm. In the previous study, a DBP-degrading strain was isolated from activated sludge and identified by 16S rRNA as Deinococcus radiodurans. In this study, we added D. radiodurans into a soil microcosm and analyzed the structure of the whole bacterial community of the soil using a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique. Meanwhile, the optimal conditions for DBP degradation were assessed by varying the temperature and initial pH of the culture, and by adding yeast extract and surfactants. The results show that the optimal conditions for DBP degradation in soil are a temperature of 35 degrees C, a pH of 7, and the addition of Triton X-100 and yeast extract. Furthermore, the addition of D. radiodurans can also enhance DBP degradation in soil. The PCR-DGGE analysis showed that D. radiodurans could survive in the soil microcosm through 24 days of incubation. We hope that these findings may provide some useful information about the remediation of DBP in our environment.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate in a soil microcosm

Liao

2010

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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“…The recovery loss can also be significantly improved for many chemicals by avoiding dryness using a gentle stream of nitrogen (Sabik and Jeannot, 1998;Pablos-Espada et al, 1999;Lyytikäinen et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2007). The nitrogen gas purge process is often combined with the LLE or SPE process and sample solvent volume is reduced to approximately 2 mL or less at around 40°C and atmospheric pressure (Michael et al, 1984;Weinberg and Glaze, 1997). There are a variety of processes available such as the argon gas purge (Ene et al, 2012) and the high temperature purge at 80°C (Fernández-Ramos et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Purge Condition for Simultaneous GC/MS Measurement of Chemicals

Kameya

Konuma

Kondo

et al. 2014

J. of Wat. ^|^ Envir. Tech.

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Environmental monitoring of chemicals is important for risk evaluation. As almost all contaminants exist in water environments at very low concentration, appropriate concentration procedures are required. A nitrogen purge process has been used to concentrate extract containing various trace semi-volatile organic chemicals by combination with a solid-phase extraction. However, recovery loss is often caused depending on the purging conditions, and it decreases the reliability of the measurement. In this study, 166 chemicals of various physical properties were prepared and their recovery ratios were investigated under each condition. The recovery ratios in nitrogen purge were not necessarily determined by their physical properties, or overly influenced by the nitrogen purge volumetric flow rate. In contrast, the control of the solvent volume, which changes with the progress of the nitrogen purge concentration, was important in addition to the alternation of the final solvent from hexane to acetone, because the concentration of chemicals in the solvent was one of the key factors determining the recovery ratios in the nitrogen purge process. The variation of the recovery ratio was acceptably small under appropriately controlled conditions.

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“…Penggunaan pemlastis jenis ftalat ini dinilai berbahaya karena dapat bermigrasi ke lingkungan (Yu Q, 2005dalam Greco et al, 2010. Beberapa studi melaporkan bahwa ditemukannya senyawa ftalat yang bermigrasi ke udara (Atlas dan Giam,1981), permukaan air (Michael et al, 1984), sampah rumahtangga (Hartmann dan Ahring, 2002), beberapa sampel makanan, susu ibu menyusui, debu dan tekstil (Bruns dan Pfordt, 2000). Pelepasan ftalat menyebabkan melimpahnya polutan tersebut ke lingkungan.…”

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Perkembangan Riset Dan Penggunaan Minyak Nabati Terepoksidasi Sebagai Bahan Pemlastis Karet Dan Plastik

Kinasih¹,

Cifriadi²

2013

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Penggunaan bahan pemlastis dalam pembuatan barang jadi karet dan plastik digunakan untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas polimer dan pendispersian bahan pengisi di dalam matrik. Terdapat beberapa jenis bahan pemlastis yang digunakan dalam pembuatan produk karet dan plastik antara lain adalah: bahan pemlastis golongan parafinik, aromatik, naftenik, ftalat, dll. Pemlastis golongan ftalat yang banyak digunakan pada karet NBR dan plastik PVC saat ini mulai dibatasi karena dapat mengakibatkan efek karsiogenik dan mencemari lingkungan, sehingga penelitian tentang bahan pemlastis untuk substitusi bahan pemlastis golongan ftalat telah banyak dilakukan. Minyak nabati terepoksidasi merupakan salah satu bahan yang berpeluang untuk mensubtitusi bahan pemlastis golongan ftalat. Sintesis minyak nabati terepoksidasi dilakukan melalui reaksi epoksidasi minyak nabati yang salah satu sintesisnya menggunakan asam perkarboksilat. Dalam reaksi ini, terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil diantaranya: jumlah dan jenis katalis, jumlah dan jenis pereaksi, jenis minyak nabati, waktu, suhu, dan kecepatan pengadukan selama berlangsungnya reaksi. Nilai bilangan iod dan oksiran merupakan pengujian yang digunakan untuk mengamati derajat konversi pembentukan minyak nabati terepoksidasi. Tulisan ini memaparkan reaksi pembentukan minyak nabati terepoksidasi, aplikasi penggunaannya, dan peluang pengembangan industri minyak nabati terepoksidasi.

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Surveillance of Phthalate Esters in Surface Waters and Sediments in the United States

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate in a soil microcosm

Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate in a soil microcosm

Nitrogen Purge Condition for Simultaneous GC/MS Measurement of Chemicals

Perkembangan Riset Dan Penggunaan Minyak Nabati Terepoksidasi Sebagai Bahan Pemlastis Karet Dan Plastik

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