Surveillance of communicable diseases for decision-making in Egypt: 2006-2013

Abdel-Razik, Madiha Said; Rizk, Hoda Ibrahim; Hassan, Mahmoud

doi:10.26719/2017.23.6.395

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Egypt’s national surveillance system was assessed, enhanced, and expanded to include all governmental health care facilities in 1999. The National Egyptian Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS) targets 40 communicable diseases, including ARIs, and it includes an electronic reporting element [ 3 ]. A comprehensive network of epidemiological and laboratory vertical systems for reporting ARIs was developed in 2009, along with an alert system for early detection of novel respiratory viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Implementing the Egypt Pandemic Preparedness Plan for Acute Respiratory Infections in Combating the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic, February-July 2020: Viewpoint

Sood¹,

Kamer²,

Kamel³

et al. 2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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This article briefly describes Egypt’s acute respiratory infection (ARI) epidemic preparedness and containment plan and illustrates the impact of implementation of the plan on combating the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt. Pillars of the plan include crisis management, enhancing surveillance systems and contact tracing, case and hospital management, raising community awareness, and quarantine and entry points. To identify the impact of the implementation of the plan on epidemic mitigation, a literature review was performed of studies published from Egypt in the early stage of the pandemic. In addition, data for patients with COVID-19 from February to July 2020 were obtained from the National Egyptian Surveillance system and studied to describe the situation in the early stage of the epidemic in Egypt. The lessons learned indicated that the single most important key to success in early-stage epidemic containment is the commitment of all partners to a predeveloped and agreed-upon preparedness plan. This information could be useful for other countries in the region and worldwide in mitigating future anticipated ARI epidemics and pandemics. Postepidemic evaluation is needed to better assess Egypt’s national response to the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Implementing the Egypt Pandemic Preparedness Plan for Acute Respiratory Infections in Combating the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic, February-July 2020: Viewpoint

Sood¹,

Kamer²,

Kamel³

et al. 2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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“…Moreover, inadequate processing, sanitary practices, and, of course, cross-contamination from the previously mentioned factors were ranked at the top of the risk factors for the spread of Salmonella spp. in cooked foods (Figure2).The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population's surveillance system revealed that among 15 notifiable communicable diseases, typhoid fever had the second highest incidence (12.7 cases/100.000) over 8year period between 2006 and 2013, with Qalyubia having the fourth highest risk-index score for typhoid(Abdel-Razik et al, 2017). Significant human and economic costs due to morbidity and mortality, as well as lost agricultural productivity, are all key motivators in characterizing preventive and control measures for Salmonella mitigation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and molecular characterization of foodborne and human‐derived Salmonella strains for resistance to critically important antibiotics

Sabeq

Awad

Hamad

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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The primary goals of this cross-sectional study were to screen various food/water, and human samples for the presence of Salmonella species, and to assess the phenotypic and genetic relationship between resistances found in food and human Salmonella isolates to critically important antibiotics. Between November 2019 and May 2021, 501 samples were randomly collected for Salmonella isolation and identification using standard culturing methods, biochemical, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and PCR techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on confirmed Salmonella species, and PCR was used to investigate the genetic components that confer these resistance traits. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica was confirmed in 35 (6.99%) of the samples (raw food = 23, ready-to-eat food/drink [REF/D] = 5, human = 7). Seventeen of them were antibioticresistant to at least one class, and eight were multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (raw food = 7, human = 1). All Salmonella isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, thirdand fourth-generation cephalosporins and monobactam antibiotics. Resistance phenotypes to aminoglycosides (48.57%), β-lactams (20%) and tetracycline (17.14%), as well as associated genes such as aadA, bla TEM , bla Z and tetA, as well as dfrA and sul1, were prevalent in Salmonella isolates. Colistin resistance genotype (mcr1) was detected in three (8.57%) isolates recovered from egg, cattle mince and rabbit meat, and the total incidence was 14.29% when two isolates exhibited resistance phenotypes were considered. Furthermore, four (11.43%) MDR isolates shared the bla TEM and bla Z genes, and one (2.86%) isolate contained three extended spectrum β-lactams producing genes (ESBL), namely bla CTX , bla TEM and bla Z . The gyrA gene was expressed by one of three foodborne Salmonella isolates (8.57%) with ciprofloxacin resistance phenotypes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Egypt identifying colistin resistance in Salmonella enterica recovered from cattle minced meat and rabbit meat. Overall, the highest incidence rate of Salmonella enterica was found in cattle-derived products, and it was slightly more prevalent in RTE/D foods than in raw foods. Resistance to critical and clinically important antibiotics, particularly in Salmonella from RTE/D food,

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“…(13) Infectious diseases presented the majority of acute morbidities in the present study (> 90%) which reflects the high prevalence of communicable diseases in Egypt and agrees with the findings revealed by the surveillance of communicable diseases for decision-making in Egypt which has been conducted between 2006 and 2013. (14) This high prevalence of communicable disease in Egypt have been always linked to insanitary water and food supply. This highlights the need for a multispectral approach to the prevention of communicable diseases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of patients seeking curative services in the present study were found to present with relatively minor conditions such as URTI (71.64%), skin (7.52%), genitourinary (6.4%) and GIT (4.87%) rather than more serious ones as reported by surveillance of communicable diseases for decision-making in Egypt which has been conducted between 2006 and 2013. (14) where the 3 diseases with the highest incidence rates in 2006 were undifferentiated hepatitis (17.8/100 000), bloody diarrhea (16.8/100 000) and typhoid fever (12.7/100 000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Morbidity Patterns and Health Care Seeking Behavior- a Community Based Study, Mahsama Village, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt

Ahmed

2019

The Egyptian Family Medicine Journal

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Background: Information on the existing morbidity patterns and health care seeking behavior (HCSB) is essential for the analysis of most health related policy issues and enable governments to provide a need-based health care especially to rural communities. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from September 1st, 2015 to December1st, 2015 in Mahsama village, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt to determine acute morbidity patterns and HCSB of 839 households. Data were acquired on predesigned and pretested questionnaire. The household heads were considered as the respondents. The questionnaire included information on household incidence of acute illnesses during the preceding 4 weeks and related HCSB. Results: 839 home interviews were conducted with household heads to assess their HCSB and morbidity profile of their family members within the preceding 4 weeks of the study. 442 of respondents (52.7%) reported 984 recent acute illnesses in their families. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) presented the most common disease (71.64%). Most patients (53.55%) consulted nonqualified providers. While 46.45% of patients preferred to consult qualified practitioners. The low cost (26.37%) and effectiveness of care (21.82%) were the main reasons behind the selection of the non-qualified providers. Respondents' education level, family income and perception of disease severity were also found to be the main determinants of this pattern of HCSB.Conclusion: it is important to develop a need based health care delivery system and actions focusing on the morbidity patterns and beliefs of local community to direct their HCSB to qualified providers. Key words: Acute morbidity incidence, rural health, health care seeking behavior. Introduction:In rural Egypt, a large number of deaths occurs mostly from preventable and treatable infectious diseases, such as Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI), diarrhea, and malaria. Obtaining reliable estimates of morbidity patterns and HCSB is challenging in resource limited countries like Egypt, where poor people tend to access non-qualified health care providers. Information on the existing morbidity pattern and HCSB is also essential for the analysis of most health related policy issues and enable governments to provide a need-based health care to their communities. (1) Egypt initiated its long-term Health Sector Reform Project in 1997. At the core of the reform was the primary health care (PHC) system. The Egyptian government substantially aiming to shift the focus of healthcare from reliance on specialist care to a less costly and more widely accessible primary care based model. Today around 5000 public primary care practices run by

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Surveillance of communicable diseases for decision-making in Egypt: 2006-2013

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

The Impact of Implementing the Egypt Pandemic Preparedness Plan for Acute Respiratory Infections in Combating the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic, February-July 2020: Viewpoint

The Impact of Implementing the Egypt Pandemic Preparedness Plan for Acute Respiratory Infections in Combating the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic, February-July 2020: Viewpoint

Prevalence and molecular characterization of foodborne and human‐derived Salmonella strains for resistance to critically important antibiotics

Acute Morbidity Patterns and Health Care Seeking Behavior- a Community Based Study, Mahsama Village, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt

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