Surveillance of Animal Rabies in Burkina Faso: A Retrospective Laboratory Data from 2008 to 2012

Abstract

Rabies causes more than 59,000 deaths each year worldwide with 95% of cases in Africa and Asia. It is endemic in most of African countries and 99% of human rabies cases are dog mediated. This study aimed to review data on animal rabies surveillance and factors associated with dogs’ rabies in Burkina Faso from 2008 to 2012. Data on submitted samples for analysis using Fluorescent Anti-body Test and confirmed cases in animals were obtained from the National Livestock Laboratory. These data were associated with the geographical regions where the samples originated, species and years. For dogs, data on age, sex, dogs’ ownership and vaccination status have also been collected. From 2008 to 2012, 1352 animal samples were analyzed for rabies confirmation with an average of 315 samples by year. Canine rabies was most suspected with 90% of positive samples. On overall, 77.3% of samples were positive and the highest positive percentage was found during 2012 (89.8%). Rabies was confirmed in donkeys (100%), dogs (78.2%), cats (77.3%), monkeys (53.8%), shrews (50%), and rodents (35.3%). Regarding dog’s rabies, positive samples were also found among vaccinated dogs and the highest positive percentage (91%) was in 2012.These findings demonstrate that rabies is widely distributed in animal species in Burkina Faso and dogs’ vaccination against rabies must be followed seriously as possible vaccine fail occurs after vaccination.

Community Empowerment for Prevention and Management of Rabies in Dogs in Carangsari Village, Petang District, Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia

“…It was somewhat difficult to get a constant 70% coverage vaccination due to geographical factors and uncertain dog population (Townsend et al 2013;Minoungou et al 2021;Yale et al 2022). In contrast to previous investigations published elsewhere, the intensive community empowerment implemented in this study achieved more than 70% covered vaccination (Taylor et al 2017;Utami et al 2019).…”

Using causal loop analysis to explore pathways for zoonosis control in low-income setting: The case of dog rabies vaccination in Burkina Faso

“…Located in West Africa, Burkina Faso has been endemic to rabies for decades (Dodet and Africa Rabies Bureau (AfroREB), 2008;Savadogo et al, 2020;Minoungou et al, 2021). Indeed, on average 19 human cases and more than 4000 exposures to suspected rabid animals are regularly recorded across the country (Burkina Faso, Ministère de la Santé, 2016; Sondo et al, 2015;Ouermi et al, 2018).…”

“…Indeed, on average 19 human cases and more than 4000 exposures to suspected rabid animals are regularly recorded across the country (Burkina Faso, Ministère de la Santé, 2016; Sondo et al, 2015;Ouermi et al, 2018). Routine laboratory surveillance detected many positive cases in pets, including cats and dogs, but also in wildlife, cattle, and equids (Nitcheman, 1983;Savadogo et al, 2020;Minoungou et al, 2021). From 2001-2013, approximatively 90% of rabies positive samples were from canine species and at least 70% of suspected rabid dog samples were rabies positive (Savadogo et al, 2020;Minoungou et al, 2021).…”

The Rabies Free Burkina Faso initiative: an example of how one health-oriented civil society organizations can contribute towards the achievement of the rabies zero by 30 goal

“…It affects wild and domestic animals, and is transmitted to humans predominantly through bites, licks and scratches from rabid animals, mostly dogs [ 1 ]. Despite some initiatives regarding rabies prevention and control having been implemented (dog vaccination, policy development, postexposure prophylaxis, awareness creation for general public or specific groups) by national authorities in charge of animal health and human health, the available data indicates that the disease has been present in Burkina Faso for decades [ 2 – 4 ]. Moving ahead, the global rabies elimination strategy developed by the Tripartite (World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health) and Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC), recommends One Health action at national, regional and international levels to meet the global objective of zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 [ 5 ].…”