Surveillance and ascertainment of cardiovascular events

Ives, Diane G.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L.; Bild, Diane E.; Psaty, Bruce M.; Kuller, Lewis H.; Crowley, Patricia M.; Cruise, R.Gale; Theroux, Sharene

doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)00093-9

Cited by 633 publications

(586 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Cardiovascular diseases [myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), angina, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke] were validated by ascertaining medications used and through standardized examinations: electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and posterior tibial-brachial artery systolic (ankle-arm) blood pressure ratio (32,37,38). These data and medical records were then reviewed by clinicians for consensus-based adjudication of the presence of these diseases, based on standardized algorithms (37).…”

Section: Baseline Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype

Fried¹,

Tangen²,

Walston³

et al. 2001

The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and M

17,743

399

17,870

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Section: Baseline Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data and medical records were then reviewed by clinicians for consensus-based adjudication of the presence of these diseases, based on standardized algorithms (37).…”

Section: Baseline Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype

Fried¹,

Tangen²,

Walston³

et al. 2001

The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and M

17,743

399

17,870

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Each participant provided an authorization for release of medical information so that pertinent hospital and outpatient records could be reviewed to confirm the aforementioned events. Criteria for defining a myocardial infarction, stroke, angina, and transient ischemic attack were taken from the Cardiovascular Health Study (16). The University of Pittsburgh's Institutional Review Board approved this study, and all women provided written informed consent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of risk factors for vascular disease in the carotid artery and aorta in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Selzer¹,

Sutton-Tyrrell²,

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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191

132

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Objective. To examine and compare risk factors for various stages of subclinical vascular disease in different vascular beds (carotid and aorta) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have not yet developed clinical cardiovascular disease.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 214 women without clinical cardiovascular disease who were enrolled in the Pittsburgh Lupus Registry. B-mode ultrasound was used to measure carotid plaque and intima-media wall thickness (IMT). Doppler probes were used to collect pulse-wave velocity waveforms from the right carotid and femoral arteries as a measure of aortic stiffness. All risk factor data were collected on the day of the ultrasound examinations.Results. The mean ؎ SD age of the women was 45.2 ؎ 10.5 years and the median SLE disease duration was ϳ9 years. Sixty-eight (32%) of the women had at least 1 focal plaque. The mean ؎ SD IMT was 0.71 ؎ 0.1 mm, and the mean ؎ SD pulse-wave velocity was 5.96 ؎ 1.6 meters/second. Using logistic regression, we found that determinants of plaque included older age, higher systolic blood pressure, lower levels of high-density lipoprotein 3, and antidepressant use. Determinants of plaque severity were older age, higher systolic blood pressure, lower levels of albumin, and smoking. Independent determinants of the highest quartile of IMT were older age, higher pulse pressure, lower levels of albumin, elevated C-reactive protein levels, high cholesterol, and higher levels of glucose. Higher aortic stiffness was associated with older age, higher systolic blood pressure, higher C3 levels, lower white blood cell count, higher insulin levels, and renal disease.Conclusion. In women with SLE, the risk factors associated with carotid plaque and IMT are those typically associated with cardiovascular disease in the general population, whereas the risk factors associated with vascular stiffness include SLE-specific variables related to immune dysregulation and complement metabolism. The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease among lupus patients may result from both early adverse effects on vascular stiffening as well as later promotion of wall thickening and plaque through inflammatory-mediated processes. These observations provide clues for future mechanistic studies.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects primarily women and causes chronic vascular inflammation. Women with SLE, particularly those under age 45 years, experience higher than expected rates of clinical cardiovascular disease, i.e., hypertension (1-3), myocardial infarction (1,4), and stroke (4). In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, other factors specifically associated with SLE appear to be equally, if not more, important (5,6). It is likely that these factors are related to the underlying immune-mediated, inflammatory processes inherent in SLE.Although the pathogenesis of vascular disease in SLE is unknown, it is thought to be multifactorial and of atherosclerotic origin. Atherosclerosis involves both atherosis (fatty degeneration) an...

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“…Participants were evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes at baseline and were extensively followed to collect data on incident cardiovascular disease, any hospitalizations, and mortality. 24 Written informed consent was obtained at baseline and at specified intervals throughout the study. All procedures were in compliance with Institutional Review Board protocols for use of human subjects data.…”

Section: Methods Cardiovascular Health Study Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%