Surrogate markers of visceral adipose tissue in treated <scp>HIV</scp>‐infected patients: accuracy of waist circumference determination

Falutz, Julian; Rosenthall, Léonard; Kotler, Donald P.; Zona, Stefano; Guaraldi, Giovanni

doi:10.1111/hiv.12085

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In clinical practice, body weight and BMI should be tracked at least once per year in PLWH. In addition, as BMI can underestimate adiposity in PLWH, measurement of waist circumference is also recommended at least annually 217,218 . A minimum waist circumference of ≥94 cm in women and ≥95 cm in men correlates with a VAT area of ≥130 cm 2 , which is a validated threshold for increased cardiometabolic risk 219,220 , although these values have not been validated in PLWH.…”

Section: Diagnosis Screening and Prevention Diagnosis And Clinical Amentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations

Koethe

Lagathu

Lake

et al. 2020

Nat Rev Dis Primers

128

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adipose tissue accounts for ~20-30% of total body weight in non-obese or overweight persons and for up to 50% in individuals with obesity and is a primary energy store with important endocrine and immunomodulatory functions. Most adipose tissue depots are comprised of white fat, which is responsible for energy storage and release in response to food intake and energy demand. In humans, brown and beige fat are minor components of adipose tissue and can dissipate energy as heat. White adipocytes sequester dietary lipids in adipose tissue depots to serve as energy stores during periods of fasting and prevent toxic lipid accumulation in other tissues such as muscle, liver, pancreas and heart 1. In addition, white adipocytes have a role in glucose and lipid metabolism and respond differentially to physiological cues or metabolic stresses by releasing adipokines and lipokines that regulate energy expenditure, appetite control, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, immune function and tissue repair 2. Although adipose tissue is mainly comprised of adipocytes, it also contains mesenchymal stem cells (which can differentiate into adipocytes, myoblasts, osteoblasts and chondroblasts), immune cells (including M1 and M2 phenotype macrophages, CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells) and fibroblasts, in addition to blood vessels and nerves. Fat expands owing to excess energy supply either through hypertrophy (increased size of existing adipocytes) or hyperplasia (the formation of new adipocytes from mesenchymal stem cells in adipose tissue). In obesity, hypertrophic adipocytes have different biochemical properties to smaller adipocytes, including increased lipolysis, inflammatory cytokine production and reduced secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines, such as adiponectin, that are also involved in insulin sensi tivity 1. Such alterations in fat depots predispose to ectopic lipid accumulation and the development of comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sarcopenia, atherosclerosis and heart failure 2. During physiological ageing, fat is lost from lower limbs and increases in the trunk, alongside accumulation of senescent adipocytes that have altered adipogenic potential and increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines 3. Fat alteration became a major concern in Western countries in the mid-1990s, when people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy

show abstract

Section: Diagnosis Screening and Prevention Diagnosis And Clinical Amentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations

Koethe

Lagathu

Lake

et al. 2020

Nat Rev Dis Primers

128

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recent cross-sectional study of HIV-infected men reported a substantial correlation (r=0.613) between WC and CT-measured VAT, and found a limited proportion of variation in VAT explained by WC (R 2 =0.35). While the authors of this study concluded that WC was not a reliable predictor of VAT, it is clear that WC does appear to be indicative of VAT levels and may be useful for tracking changes in body composition [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…While the authors of this study concluded that WC was not a reliable predictor of VAT, it is clear that WC does appear to be indicative of VAT levels and may be useful for tracking changes in body composition. [35] In contrast to these studies, our research addressed changes in both WC and abdominal fat over time and showed that WC increases are also a good indicator of changes in abdominal fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Changes in Abdominal Fat following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIV-Infected Individuals Correlate with Waist Circumference and Self-Reported Changes

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background We examined whether waist circumference (WC) and self-reported abdominal size changes can estimate visceral adipose tissue (VAT) changes for those initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Prospectively collected data from ACTG A5257 and its metabolic substudy, A5260s, were used for this analysis. ART-naïve HIV-infected participants were randomized to one of three contemporary ART regimens. Changes in abdominal CT-measured VAT and total adipose tissue (TAT) and DXA-measured trunk fat were tested for association with WC changes (by Pearson correlation) and categories of self-reported abdominal size changes (by ANOVA) between entry and week 96. Linear models compared WC and self-reported changes. Results The study population (N=328) was predominantly male (90%) and white non-Hispanic (44%) with a baseline median age of 36 years and BMI of 25 kg/m2. At week 96, median WC change was +2.8 cm. Of those reporting at week 96, 53% indicated “No Change/Lost”, 39% “Gained Some/Somewhat Larger”, and 8% “Gained A Lot/Much Larger” as their self-reported changes. Trunk fat, VAT, and TAT changes differed across self-reported groups (ANOVA p<0.0001 for all), and the group ordering was as expected. WC changes were strongly correlated with CT and DXA changes (trunk fat: ρ=0.72, p<0.0001; VAT: ρ=0.52, p<0.0001; TAT: ρ=0.62, p<0.0001). While WC changes explained a greater proportion of VAT, TAT, and trunk fat variation, self-reported changes remained a significant predictor after controlling for WC (p<0.05). Conclusions WC and self-reported abdominal changes each correlated directly with imaging-derived abdominal fat measures, and can be used as reliable, affordable tools for central adiposity assessment.

show abstract

From Wasting to Obesity, Changes in Nutritional Concerns in HIV/AIDS

Mankal

Kotler

2014

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surrogate markers of visceral adipose tissue in treated HIV‐infected patients: accuracy of waist circumference determination

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations

HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations

Changes in Abdominal Fat following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIV-Infected Individuals Correlate with Waist Circumference and Self-Reported Changes

From Wasting to Obesity, Changes in Nutritional Concerns in HIV/AIDS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About