Surgical translocation and ultrasound bio-microscopy of the ovaries in rabbits

Cervantes, Miguel; Singh, Jaswant; Palomino, J. M.; Adams, Gregg P.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.018

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…22,29,[45][46][47] In Experiment 1, follicle numbers and diameters were monitored in vivo using conventional transabdominal ultrasonography (12 MHz linear-array probe), but images lacked the clarity and precision achieved by transcutaneous UBM. 26 The ability to accurately detect ovulation and to distinguish the CL in live rabbits by conventional transabdominal ultrasonography in Experiment 1 was deemed unsatisfactory; hence, the rabbits were euthanized and the ovaries were evaluated ex situ by UBM, as recently reported. 26 This approach did not permit serial observations in the same rabbit and it is, therefore, subject to the same limitations as studies involving laparotomy [23][24][25]37 or post-mortem histological examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…26 The ability to accurately detect ovulation and to distinguish the CL in live rabbits by conventional transabdominal ultrasonography in Experiment 1 was deemed unsatisfactory; hence, the rabbits were euthanized and the ovaries were evaluated ex situ by UBM, as recently reported. 26 This approach did not permit serial observations in the same rabbit and it is, therefore, subject to the same limitations as studies involving laparotomy [23][24][25]37 or post-mortem histological examination. 18,20,22,25,37 To permit repeated examination of the ovaries in vivo in Experiment 2, we employed a recently developed technique of transcutaneous UBM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Surgical translocation of both ovaries of each rabbit to a subcutaneous position in the flank region was performed to permit in vivo ovarian imaging by transcutaneous UBM, as previously described. 26 Starting three weeks after surgery, transcutaneous UBM (Vevo 660; 25 MHz probe) of the ovaries was done daily for at least four days before treatment to confirm the presence of follicles !1.8 mm in diameter (i.e. sufficiently large to respond to an ovulatory stimulus 29 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently established and validated the UBM technique as a reliable method of assessing ovarian structures in rabbits. 26 This technology enables imaging of the same animal repeatedly, thus permitting detection of dynamic processes (cause-and-effect) and decreasing the number of animals required per experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In vivo imaging in the rabbit as a model for the study of ovulation-inducing factors

2014

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The study of factors responsible for eliciting ovulation in rabbits has been hampered by the lack of a suitable method of monitoring the ovaries in vivo. Ovarian imaging by ultrasound biomicroscopy was used in two experiments designed to determine the effects of seminal plasma on the ovulatory response in rabbits. In Experiment 1, female rabbits were group-housed and treated intramuscularly with saline, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), or seminal plasma of llamas or rabbits (n = 4 to 6 per group). Rabbits were euthanized eight days later to evaluate the ovarian response by ultrasound biomicroscopy ex situ. No differences among groups were detected in the proportion of rabbits that ovulated or in the number and size of corpora lutea. The high incidence of ovulation in the negative control group was unexpected, and confounded determination of an ovulation-inducing effect of seminal plasma. In Experiment 2, female rabbits were caged individually, and treated as in Experiment 1 (n = 5 to 7 per group). The ovarian response was evaluated in vivo by transcutaneous ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ovulation and formation of corpora lutea were detected only in rabbits given GnRH. A preovulatory surge in plasma luteinizing hormone concentration and a post-ovulatory rise in plasma progesterone concentration were detected only in rabbits treated with GnRH. Surgical translocation of the ovaries to a subcutaneous position enabled longitudinal assessment of the ovulatory response by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Results clearly documented the effect of physical/social interaction on ovulation in rabbits, and did not support the hypothesis that seminal plasma elicits ovulation in rabbits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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In vivo imaging in the rabbit as a model for the study of ovulation-inducing factors

2014

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“…However, information on their reproductive aspects is scarce, and appropriate management practices have not yet been developed for them (Mayor et al 2007a). The development of reliable methods for visualizing the reproductive tract and monitoring the reproductive cycle of wild species is required to optimize breeding management in captivity , Cervantes et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrus cycle monitoring of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) in semiarid conditions

et al. 2014

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RESUMO.-[Monitoramento de ciclo estral em catetos (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro em condições semiáridas.] Os catetos (Peccary tajacu) estão entre as espécies mais caçadas na América Latina devido a apreciação de seu couro e carne. No intuito de otimizar o manejo produtivo de catetos nascidos em cativeiro sob condições semiáridas, o objetivo foi descrever e correlacionar as modificações verificadas no padrão ultrassonográfico ovariano, o perfil hormonal, a aparência vulvar, e a citologia vaginal durante o ciclo estral nesta espécie. Durante 45 dias, fêmeas (n=4) foram submetidas a coleta de sangue destinado a dosagem hormonal por meio de teste imuno-enzimático (EIA). Na mesma ocasião, foram conduzidas a avaliação da genitália externa, a ultrassonografia ovariana e a citologia vaginal. Os resultados são apresentados com média e desvio padrão De acordo com a dosagem hormonal, foram identificados seis ciclos estrais, com duração 21,0±5,7 dias, sendo em média 6 dias de fase estrogênica e 15 dias de fase proges- Collared peccaries (Peccary tajacu) are among the most hunted species in Latin America due the appreciation of their pelt and meat. In order to optimize breeding management of captive born collared peccaries in semiarid conditions, the objective was to describe and correlate the changes in the ovarian ultrasonographic pattern, hormonal profile, vulvar appearance, and vaginal cytology during the estrus cycle in this species. During 45 days, females (n=4) were subjected each three days to blood collection destined to hormonal dosage by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In the same occasions, evaluation of external genitalia, ovarian ultrasonography and vaginal cytology were conducted. Results are presented as means and standard deviations. According to hormonal dosage, six estrous cycles were identified as lasting 21.0 ± 5.7 days, being on average 6 days for the estrogenic phase and 15 days for the progesterone phase. Estrogen presented mean peak values of 55.6 ± 20.5 pg/mL. During the luteal phase, the high values for progesterone were 35.3 ± 4.4 ng/mL. The presence of vaginal mucus, a reddish vaginal mucosa and the separation of the vulvar lips were verified in all animals during the estrogenic peak. Through ultrasonography, ovarian follicles measuring 0.2±0.1 cm were visualized during the estrogen peak. Corpora lutea presented hyperechoic regions measuring 0.4±0.2 cm identified during luteal phase. No significant differences (P>0.05) between proportions of vaginal epithelial cells were identified when comparing estrogenic and progesterone phases. In conclusion, female collared peccaries, captive born in semiarid conditions, have an estral cycle that lasts 21.0±5.7 days, with estrous signs characterized by vulvar lips edema and hyperemic vaginal mucosa, coinciding with developed follicles and high estrogen levels.

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Ultrasound biomicroscopy: a non-invasive approach for in vivo evaluation of oocytes and small antral follicles in mammals

Pfeifer

Adams

Pierson

et al. 2014

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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The use of ultrasonography has changed our understanding of the ovarian function in live animals. However, most of the studies that have used ultrasonography to image the ovary have provided data only of structures >1mm in diameter. The recent availability of high-resolution ultrasound technology with high-frequency transducers (25-70 MHz), offers the potential to examine the developmental dynamics of small antral follicles and the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) in vivo. In this review we provide data from a series of studies performed by Veterinary Biomedical Sciences Laboratory describing the advantages and disadvantages, as well as image characteristics, of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to study ovarian biology in mammals. Data and images of small ovarian structures in rabbits, cattle, mice and humans are shown. The UBM technique allowed visualisation of small antral follicles ranging in size from 300 to 700 μm in all species examined, as well as COC within follicles in rabbits, cattle and humans. Furthermore, UBM permitted clear distinction of the follicular wall from the surrounding ovarian stroma in cattle and humans. At present, the limited depth of penetration of UBM restricts the use of this technique to an experimental setting. In that regard, further studies using UBM will probably result in a greater understanding of the pattern and control of early antral folliculogenesis and oogenesis.

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Surgical translocation and ultrasound bio-microscopy of the ovaries in rabbits

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

In vivo imaging in the rabbit as a model for the study of ovulation-inducing factors

In vivo imaging in the rabbit as a model for the study of ovulation-inducing factors

Estrus cycle monitoring of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) in semiarid conditions

Ultrasound biomicroscopy: a non-invasive approach for in vivo evaluation of oocytes and small antral follicles in mammals

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