Surgical repair of femoral fractures in New World camelids: five cases (1996–2003)

Shoemaker, R. Stuart; Dg, Wilson

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00099.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Special attention has been drawn to mandibular fractures and their treatments in camels, but other bone fractures have been cited briefly especially in young camels (Ramadan, 1994, Gahlot, 2000, and Al-Sobayil and Ahmed, 2010. Long bone fractures in the South American camelids have also been reported (Johnson et al, 2000, Newman and Anderson, 2007, and Shoemaker and Wilson, 2007. Fractures in camelids are caused by the same types of trauma reported in other animals (Fowler, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Fractures in Single-humped Camels: A retrospective Study of 220 Cases (2008-2009)

Mohamed¹

2012

JKAU: Met., Env. & Arid Land Agric. Sci.

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The objective of this paper was to study the etiology and classification of fractures in dromedary camels and to evaluate their response to different treatment approaches. Two hundred and twenty cases of fractures in single-humped camels were admitted during the period from August 2008 to December 2009. On admission, special interest was given to record the cause, site, classification, radiography and outcome of treatment. Factors affecting fracture healing were studied and analyzed. Trauma was the main cause of fractures in camels. Sixty percent of fractured camels were males and 40% were females. The camel ages ranged from 1 day to 20 years old. Simple fractures were less common than compound ones (34.1% vs. 65.9%, P=0.001). Single fractures were 168 (76.4%) while multiple and comminuted fractures were 52 (23.6%) cases. Appendicular fractures were treated by external fixation using Plaster of Paris bandage alone or in combination with polyvenylchloride (PVC) splints. Interdental wiring, using U-shaped aluminum bar and wire suturing treated mandibular fractures. Healing was recorded in 79.3% of treated fractures. Mandibular fracture was the most common followed by tibial fracture. External fixation by different techniques was a successful method for treating fractures in camels. Freshness of the fracture significantly affected the efficiency of healing (P= 0.0001).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Fractures in Single-humped Camels: A retrospective Study of 220 Cases (2008-2009)

Mohamed¹

2012

JKAU: Met., Env. & Arid Land Agric. Sci.

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“…Characteristics of llamas and alpacas that facilitate outcome after long bone fracture repair are a quiet, stoic temperament; tolerance of prolonged periods of recumbency for recovery after surgery; relatively low body weight; ability to ambulate using 3 limbs; and tolerance of external fixation devices. [1][2][3] Many repair methods, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] each involving relatively few animals with large variation in complication rates [12][13][14][15] have been reported for long bone fractures in llamas and alpacas; however, the optimal approach to long bone fracture repair is unclear. It is our clinical impression that internal (plate) fixation of long bone fractures in llamas and alpacas results in a favorable outcome with few major complications, compared with other fixation methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Fixation Methods for Treatment of Long Bone Fractures in Llamas and Alpacas

2010

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“…Salter Harris fractures affect young animals, where the physis is considered an area of fragility in the bone [4,10,14]. According to Pearce et al [11], the epiphyseal plates in rabbits close at approximately six months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Rush Pin and Intramedular Pin Techniques for the Stabilization of Salter Harris Type I Fracture in Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Kawamoto

Perles

Santos

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: In domestic rabbits, fractures are usually the result of household accidents. Fractures of the distal femoral physis are frequently observed in animals with immature skeletons and may cause future orthopedic problems. With this type of fracture, early reduction and stabilization are necessary to prevent additional damage to the physis and to preserve the growth potential of the bone. This report aims to describe the clinical and radiographic findings, as well as the surgical method used that combined Rush pins with an intramedullary pin, associated with a Salter Harris type I fracture of the right distal femur in a rabbit.Case: A 4-month male domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) weighing 1.2 kg, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital with a right pelvic limb lameness after an episode of trauma. Orthopedic examination revealed swelling, instability, crepitation, and increased pain sensitivity in the distal aspect of the right femur. Following physical and radiographic examination,a Salter Harris type I fracture of the right distal femur was diagnosed. The patient was premedicated with a combination of xylazine (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (10 mg/kg IM), which allowed placement of an IV catheter for the administration of fluids and intubation using an endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 2 mm. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, and an epidural was performed with a combination of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (0.75 mg/kg). Osteosynthesis was performed with two Rush pins and an intramedullary pin. Radiographic examination 110 and 330 days after the surgical procedure showed good alignment of the bone and adequate healing of the fracture. The combination of techniques used in this case report proved to be effective, resulting in functional recovery of the limb and rapid bone healing.Discussion: Preoperative planning for orthopedic surgery in rabbits is different from that of dogs and cats, due to the particularities of the species. Familiarity with the regional anatomy, patient preparation, and appropriate instrumentation are necessary when contemplating osteosynthesis in a rabbit. Salter Harris fractures affect young animals, where the physis is considered an area of fragility in the bone. Surgical planning should take into account the function of the growth plates.It is recommended that implants passing through the physis do so perpendicularly, since angulation greater than 45° may predispose the bone to premature closure of the growth plate. Another important consideration involves the choice of implants, since the use of trocar-tipped pins facilitates their precise placement in the bone. The use of threaded pins should be avoided due to their weakness at the thread-shaft interface, and the risk of impaired longitudinal bone growth and thedifficulty of removal if necessary. Steinman pins and Kirschner wires can be used to stabilize a variety of different fractures. In Salter-Harris type I and II fractures, the use of pins neutralizes bending forces but not rotational or compressive forces. In contrast, Rush pinning and cross-pinning techniques are effective in neutralizing the forces acting on the physis, and are frequently used for the fixation of fractures in this region. Complications, often associated with poor reduction and alignment, can result in varus or valgus deviation and are associated with a high risk of implant failure or migration, malunion, and patellar luxation. It was concluded that the combination of Rush pins and an intramedullary pin resulted in adequate stabilization of the Salter Harris type I fracture of the distal femur in this rabbit.Keywords: Orthopedic implants, osteosynthesis, trauma, bone repairing, lagomorph.

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Surgical repair of femoral fractures in New World camelids: five cases (1996–2003)

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Fractures in Single-humped Camels: A retrospective Study of 220 Cases (2008-2009)

Fractures in Single-humped Camels: A retrospective Study of 220 Cases (2008-2009)

Comparison of Fixation Methods for Treatment of Long Bone Fractures in Llamas and Alpacas

Association of Rush Pin and Intramedular Pin Techniques for the Stabilization of Salter Harris Type I Fracture in Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

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