Both CT and MRI are superior to DR for detection of subchondral bone pathology, but underestimate the extent of joint adaptation and pathologic damage. MRI was able to detect cartilage degeneration.
This case report describes a distinctive deep cutaneous lesion in a 1-year-old Quarter Horse filly with hyperelastosis cutis. The horse had a typical clinical presentation of hyperelastic skin associated with a 6-month history of cutaneous wounds that developed following minor cutaneous trauma. Punch biopsies of skin from the affected horse were thinner than similar biopsies from an age- and breed-matched control. Significant microscopic lesions were not seen in cutaneous punch biopsies stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains, but the ultrastructure of the dermis from the affected horse was characterized by variation in collagen fibre diameter and loose packing of collagen fibres within bundles. The horse was euthanized and necropsied, and full-thickness sections of skin were collected and examined microscopically. Affected skin was of normal thickness; however, the deep dermis contained a distinctive horizontal linear zone in which separation of collagen bundles resulted in the formation of large empty cleft-like spaces between the upper and lower regions of the deep dermis. We suggest the term 'zonal dermal separation' for this microscopic lesion. Incisional full-thickness skin biopsies should be taken in suspected cases of equine hyperelastosis cutis because punch biopsies may not obtain enough deep dermis to adequately represent pathological change in the skin of horses with this disorder.
Objective—To determine the outcome and subsequent
fertility of sheep and goats undergoing a
cesarean section because of dystocia.
Design—Retrospective study.
Animals—85 sheep and 25 goats.
Procedure—Medical records were reviewed, and information
was obtained on signalment, history, physical
examination findings, anesthesia protocol, surgical technique,
number of lambs or kids delivered, pre- and postoperative
treatments, duration of hospitalization, and
postoperative complications. Follow-up information was
obtained through telephone conversations with owners.
Results—The proportion of sheep admitted to the
veterinary teaching hospital during the study period
that underwent a cesarean section (4.4%) was significantly
higher than the proportion of goats that did
(2.2%). Pygmy goats were overrepresented, compared
with the hospital population. The most common
reason for cesarean section was inadequate dilatation
of the cervix. The most common surgical approach
was via the left paralumbar fossa. Two hundred one
lambs and kids were delivered, of which 116 were
dead at delivery or died shortly afterward. Forty-two
of the 65 dams with 1 or more dead fetuses had been
in stage-2 labor for > 6 hours, and fetal death was significantly
associated with a prolonged duration of dystocia.
The most common complication following
surgery was retained placenta (n = 49). Use of antimicrobials
was associated with a lower rate of complications.
All 16 dams that were rebred became pregnant
and had no problems with dystocia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that cesarean section is an effective method of
resolving dystocia in sheep and goats and does not
adversely affect subsequent fertility. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2004;224:275–279)
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) to assess tissue elasticity and ultimate stress in both intact and healing tendons. The lateral gastrocnemius (Achilles) tendons of 41 New Zealand white rabbits were surgically severed and repaired with growth factor coated sutures. SWE imaging was used to measure shear wave speed (SWS) in both the medial and lateral tendons pre-surgery, and at 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery. Rabbits were euthanized at 4 weeks, and both medial and lateral tendons underwent mechanical testing to failure. SWS significantly (p<0.001) decreased an average of 17% between the intact and post-surgical state across all tendons. SWS was significantly (p<0.001) correlated with both the tendon elastic modulus (r = 0.52) and ultimate stress (r = 0.58). Thus, ultrasound SWE is a potentially promising noninvasive technology for quantitatively assessing the mechanical integrity of pre-operative and post-operative tendons.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.