Surgical Procedures for the Conjunctiva and the Nictitating Membrane

Gelatt, Kirk N.; Gelatt, Janice P.; Plummer, Caryn E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-8163-7.00008-1

Cited by 7 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The aim of the surgical correction of symblepharon is to excise the fibrous adhesions between the conjunctiva and cornea and to restore viable epithelial surfaces to the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae and to the cornea [9]. In our case, because the symblepharon between the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea was not extensive and the remaining freely movable conjunctiva was not large, we removed it without securing it to the limbus and to the conjunctival fornix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In our case, because the symblepharon between the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea was not extensive and the remaining freely movable conjunctiva was not large, we removed it without securing it to the limbus and to the conjunctival fornix. It has been reported that adhesions will recur when corneal or conjunctival structures are not covered with epithelium postoperatively [9]. It is also possible to use symblepharon lenses, amniotic membranes, or silicone strips to physically separate the healing conjunctival surfaces and establish and maintain the conjunctival fornix, with these temporary implants held in place by complete temporary tarsorrhaphy [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adhesions involving the bulbar and the palpebral conjunctiva may impair tear drainage, produce chronic conjunctivitis, and retard ocular motility, resulting in the disease called symblepharon [9]. This condition occurs when two epithelialized surfaces (one is the conjunctiva) ulcerate and the substantia propria of these two surfaces adhere to each other, involving the nictitating membrane and the cornea in many cases [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symblepharon results from a variety of ocular traumas, keratitis, or conjunctivitis [11], and it can be associated with eyelids adhesion (ankyloblepharon), with variable severity and prognosis [12]. In veterinary medicine, symblepharon is commonly observed in cats as a result of feline herpes virus (FHV-1) infection, and although it can be corrected successfully, keratoconjunctival inflammation is often chronic, so symblepharon may recur [9]. Recently, an atypical case of conjunctivitis by ChAHV-5 was described in a captive loggerhead turtle with bilateral chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, and mucoid secretions [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symblepharon rarely occurs in dogs and is usually a result of trauma or chemical burns [13], although one case of symblepharon secondary to ophthalmomyiasis externa has been described in a 4-month-old crossbred female dog [14]. In horses, symblepharon may follow trauma [9]. Symblepharon has also been described in birds and is associated with conjunctivitis and, in a few cases, septicemia [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symblepharon, Ankyloblepharon, and Salt Gland Dysfunction in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

Affuso

Palma

Meomartino

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Adhesions involving the bulbar and the palpebral conjunctiva (Symblepharon) may interfere with tear drainage, cause chronic conjunctivitis, and reduce ocular motility. This condition may be associated with adhesion of the edges of the upper and lower eyelids (ankyloblepharon). The present case describes bilateral symblepharon, ankyloblepharon and salt gland dysfunction in a juvenile Caretta caretta. The loggerhead presented both eyelids swollen, ulcerated, and not separable when rescued. Eye examination was not possible, but ultrasonography showed right bulbar integrity, while the left eye was smaller, with a thicker cornea that had lost its normal doubled lined structure. Surgical dissection of the fibrous adhesions between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and third eyelid was performed, and large dacryoliths were removed. The microscopic findings were consistent with chronic keratoconjunctivitis. Ultrastructurally, no virus-like particles were observed. In addition, tissue samples were negative for herpesvirus by qualitative PCR. The eyelids of both eyes and the corneal epithelium of the right eye healed; moreover, the vision was restored in the right eye. There were no recurrences after 12 months of follow-up, and the turtle was released 16 months after the end of treatments on the southern Tyrrhenian coast in the western Mediterranean Sea. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of symblepharon with ankyloblepharon and salt gland dysfunction in Caretta caretta turtle. Ocular ultrasonography was helpful in the preliminary diagnostic work-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Symblepharon, Ankyloblepharon, and Salt Gland Dysfunction in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

Affuso

Palma

Meomartino

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Surgical correction of third eyelid cartilage eversion in an Anglo‐Nubian goat: A case report

Donohue

Mack

Ledbetter

2022

Clinical Case Reports

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Evaluation of conjunctival graft procedures and factors that lead to graft complications in canine cases

Osinchuk

Levitt

Sandmeyer

et al. 2022

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Purpose To describe the complications of conjunctival graft surgery occurring in cases at a referral ophthalmic service and evaluate factors that lead to occurrence of complications in canine cases. Methods A retrospective case–control study was completed using data from the Veterinary Medical Center at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada, between May 2015 and March 2020. Case records from dogs that underwent conjunctival pedicle graft surgery and subsequently either did or did not develop a conjunctival graft complication were reviewed. Results One hundred and six dogs undergoing conjunctival graft surgeries were identified. Sixteen conjunctival graft complications occurred, of which, eight led to negative outcomes. Univariable analysis comparing canine eyes that developed complications to control eyes revealed potential (p ≤ .05) differences between the groups in post‐operative fluoroquinolone use, Streptococcus canis isolation, intraoperative intravenous cefazolin use, corneal stromal white cell infiltrate, and mean ulcer diameter. The use of intraoperative cefazolin could not be effectively evaluated with available data; however, no dogs (n = 22) receiving intraoperative cefazolin developed complications. Multivariable analysis revealed that dogs that were treated with a second‐generation fluoroquinolone and that had S. canis isolated had higher odds of experiencing complications than dogs that were not treated with a second‐generation fluoroquinolone and that were S. canis negative (Odds ratio = 64.7 [95% CI 6.3–669], p < .0001). Conclusions Streptococcus species played a role in conjunctival graft complications in our study. Empiric selection of second‐generation fluoroquinolone monotherapy may need reconsideration given the frequent isolation of Streptococcus spp. from canine ulcers. The use of intraoperative cefazolin may be associated with a lower complication rate.

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Surgical Procedures for the Conjunctiva and the Nictitating Membrane

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Symblepharon, Ankyloblepharon, and Salt Gland Dysfunction in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

Symblepharon, Ankyloblepharon, and Salt Gland Dysfunction in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

Surgical correction of third eyelid cartilage eversion in an Anglo‐Nubian goat: A case report

Evaluation of conjunctival graft procedures and factors that lead to graft complications in canine cases

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