“…Thirteen of these cases had abnormal filum terminale 3,14,16,21,[25][26][27][28]36) and the others had no or only non-contributory caudal spinal cord anomaly. [5][6][7]10,11,14,15,17,19,20,22,23,[30][31][32]34) One case showed neurological manifestations. 5) Nine cases with associated presacral mass (8 teratomas, 1 dermoid tumor) were surgically treated through the posterior or anterior approach.…”