Surfactants and the stratum corneum lipids

Friberg, Stig E.; Goldsmith, Lisa B.; Suhaimi, Hamdan; Rhein, Linda D.

doi:10.1016/0166-6622(87)80200-7

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…SLS may become intercalated into intercellular lipid bilayers, thus disrupting normal keratinocyte cohesion and facilitating desquamation. In support of this speculation, SLS incorporation alters lipid packing and reduces the degree of organisation of a model stratum corneum (Friberg et al, 1988). Alternatively SLS is capable of denaturing keratin (Rhein et al, 1986), and may therefore denature the proteinaceous structure of desmosomes and their associated intracellular tonofilaments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate, triclosan and zinc on the permeability of normal oral mucosa

2000

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OBJECTIVE: Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), an important component in many oral health products, is well established as a contact irritant in skin. Recent studies have suggested that it may also affect the structural integrity of oral mucosa. SLS is rarely used alone in dentifrices or mouthwashes and the aim of this study was to establish the effect of SLS both alone and in combination with Triclosan (TCN) and zinc (Zn) on the permeability barrier properties of normal human oral mucosa. METHOD: Ventral tongue mucosa was obtained from nine males and seven females within 60 h of death and stored frozen at ؊70؇C until use. The permeability of the tissue to tritiated water was measured after pretreatment for 15 min with SLS alone, SLS/TCN, SLS/Zn and a SLS/TCN/Zn mixture. Treatment with distilled water (DW) served as control. The histological appearance of the tissue before and after treatment was also examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: SLS treatment caused a significant increase in water permeability compared to control tissue (Kp ‫؍‬ 11.7 ؎ 1.00; 4.96 ؎ 0.50 respectively; P Ͻ 0.005). Treatment with a SLS/TCN/Zn mixture, however, had no effect on the permeability to water (Kp ‫؍‬ 5.5 ؎ 0.56). Histological examination revealed that tissue exposed to SLS had a marked disruption of the epithelial surface whilst tissue treated with a SLS/TCN/Zn mixture was indistinguishable from controls. CONCLUSION: Although mucosa exposed to SLS alone showed an increase in permeability to water, the addition of TCN and Zn to SLS appeared to prevent this effect. As SLS is included in some dental products to solubilise compounds such as TCN, its presence may have no effect on the permeability barrier property of oral mucosa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate, triclosan and zinc on the permeability of normal oral mucosa

2000

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“…Even when the amount of lipid removed is only small [14] the selective removal of free fatty acids and cholesterol esters can lead to a significant alteration in the composition of the intercellular lipids [8, 15, 16]. In addition, surfactants penetrate the stratum corneum, adsorb on the keratin of the corneocytes [17] and mix themselves with the intercellular lipids [18]. The result is an impairment of the skin barrier, which can be demonstrated with great sensitivity by the TEWL‐measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared spectroscopy of the skin: influencing the stratum corneum with cosmetic products

Prasch

Knübel

Schmidt-Fonk

et al. 2000

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin and, as such, represents the decisive barrier between the body and the environment. The combination of horny cells and lamellar lipid layers prevents water loss from the body and protects it against penetration by exogenous substances. For selective investigation of the thin outermost stratum corneum layer ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy has proved itself in practice. It provides information about the sebum content, type of fatty substances, water content and degree of order of the lamellar lipid film in the stratum corneum. Different types of skin (dry, normal and greasy) differ mainly in their sebum content but also in the composition of their fats and the degree of order of their lipids. A comparison with model lipid mixtures shows that the stratum corneum lipids are mainly present in a fixed gel form under physiological conditions. In cleansing processes a large part of the sebum is removed from the skin. The skin reacts to the defatting process by the rapid secretion of sebum. After cleansing with a mild face cleansing emulsion the re-achievement of the same fat status takes longer than with a surfactant shower gel. Skin creams cause alterations to the skin moisture and in the degree of order of the stratum corneum lipids. A lamellar cream with a structure similar to that of the stratum corneum lipids increases the degree of order of the alkyl chains of the skin lipid film (biomimetic principle), whereas a conventional w/o cream reduces this degree of order. Skin moisture increases after the use of the creams.

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“…Indeed, Friberget al [32] have incorporated SLS (and other surfactants) into a model of SC lipid, where it altered the interlayer spacing of the bilayer, indicating a change in lipid-packing arrangements. Thus, surfactants may be expected to damage lipid structure/function in intact SC via this mech anism.…”

Section: Relation O F Sc Lipid Removal To In Vivo Surfactant Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratum corneum Lipid Removal by Surfactants: Relation to in vivo Irritation

et al. 1990

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The relationship between the in vivo irritation potential of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and the ability of these two surfactants to remove lipid from the stratum corneum (SC) in vitro were investigated. Either surfactant removes detectable levels of lipids only above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). At high concentrations the surfactants removed only very small amounts of cholesterol, free fatty acid the esters of those materials, and possibly squalene. SLS and LAS have been shown, below the CMC, to bind to and irritate the SC. Thus, clinical irritation provoked by SLS or LAS is unlikely to be directly linked with extraction of SC lipid. The milder forms of irritation – dry ness tightness roughness – may involve both surfactant binding to and denaturation of keratin as well as disruption of lipid. Our findings challenge earlier assumptions that surfactants’ degreasing of the SC is involved in the induction of erythema.

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Surfactants and the stratum corneum lipids

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate, triclosan and zinc on the permeability of normal oral mucosa

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate, triclosan and zinc on the permeability of normal oral mucosa

Infrared spectroscopy of the skin: influencing the stratum corneum with cosmetic products

Stratum corneum Lipid Removal by Surfactants: Relation to in vivo Irritation

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