Surfactant-Free Organo-Soluble Silica−Titania and Silica Nanoparticles

Reactive and Organosoluble SnO2 Nanoparticles by a Surfactant‐Free Non‐Hydrolytic Sol–Gel Route

“…The absence of aggregation of the nanoparticles is ascribed to the chemistry involved in this process. [40,41] Indeed, in the absence of secondary reactions, the non-hydrolytic process used here leads to chloride and isopropoxide surface groups [Equations (2) and (3), Figure 3] instead of the Sn-OH groups usually present at the surface of oxide particles. The presence of residual Sn-Cl groups in the 110-SnO 2 sample (9.5 wt.-% Cl) was confirmed by the acid-base titration of an aqueous suspension of the powder, whereas the carbon content (8.9 wt.-%) is consistent with the presence of residual SnOiPr groups.…”

“…We recently reported the synthesis, in the absence of any stabilizing agent, of easily dispersible silica, silica-titania and titania nanoparticles [40,41] using another non-hydrolytic sol-gel route (the "ether route"). Although the ether route has proved highly successful in the synthesis of mesoporous mixed-oxide catalysts, [42][43][44] it has not been used to prepare oxide nanoparticles.…”

Siloxane‐Bond Formation Promoted by Lewis Acids: A Nonhydrolytic Sol–Gel Process and the Piers–Rubinsztajn Reaction

“…[26,58] To the best of our knowledge, the preparation of hyperbranched siloxane polymers has not been examined with NHSG. [59] The obtained nanoparticles are soluble (dispersed) in organic solvents and the functional groups on the surfaces are ÀSiCl and ÀSiOiPr. Nanoparticles composed of SiO 2 and SiO 2 /TiO 2 are prepared by the reaction of (SiCl 4 /iPr 2 O/ZrCl 4 cat.)…”

“…[63] A functional group other than chloro-and hydrosilane may also be a good candidate for the synthesis. Reprinted with permission from reference [59]; Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society. [64,65] The by-product is ethyl acetate in which R = Et.…”

Synthesis of germanium dioxide nanoparticles in benzyl alcohols – a comparison

“…However, simple surfactant-free nonaqueous synthesis routes for a great number of nanosized metal oxides were reported by Niederberger et al using one single metal containing precursor and simple organic solvents such as benzyl alcohol, n-butyl ether or ethanol (Niederberger et al, 2002;Pinna et al, 2004;Ba et al, 2005;Pinna and Niederberger, 2008). Additionally, the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles by surfactant-free non-hydrolytic sol-gel routes starting from the corresponding metal chlorides were reported by Mutin and his coworkers (Aboulaich et al, 2009(Aboulaich et al, , 2010(Aboulaich et al, , 2011. Nevertheless, reports on the synthesis of GeO 2 nanoparticles by a simple surfactant-free synthesis route starting from GeCl 4 are still lacking.…”