Surfactant enhanced surface coverage of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite for highly efficient mesoscopic solar cells

Ding, Yanli; Yao, Xin; Zhang, Xiaodan; Wei, Changchun; Zhao, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.095

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To increase the solubility of Cl − , 1,8-diiodooctane [37] or other alkyl halide additives [38] or dimethyl sulfoxide [9] can be employed. Adding poly-(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) can also improve the surface coverage of perovskite [39]. It is interesting to note that, for MAPbI 3−x Cl x , a simple annealing step is enough to form a good coverage [6,40], but for MAPbI 3 , a special step, such as multi-deposition [41], adding N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (CHP) [42], fast deposition [43,44,45], or air flow during spin coating [46,47], is needed.…”

Section: Methods For Fabricating Mapbi3-xclxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure Formation of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite

Luo

Daoud

2016

Materials

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Inorganic-organic hydride perovskites bring the hope for fabricating low-cost and large-scale solar cells. At the beginning of the research, two open questions were raised: the hysteresis effect and the role of chloride. The presence of chloride significantly improves the crystallization and charge transfer property of the perovskite. However, though the long held debate over of the existence of chloride in the perovskite seems to have now come to a conclusion, no prior work has been carried out focusing on the role of chloride on the electronic performance and the crystallization of the perovskite. Furthermore, current reports on the crystal structure of the perovskite are rather confusing. This article analyzes the role of chloride in CH3NH3PbI3-xClx on the crystal orientation and provides a new explanation about the (110)-oriented growth of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx.

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Section: Methods For Fabricating Mapbi3-xclxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure Formation of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite

Luo

Daoud

2016

Materials

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“…In addition, shunt resistance ( R sh ) increased much from 0 to 3 wt%, while the series resistance ( R s ) increased a little (Figure 4 e and Table S1, Supporting Information). [ 32 ] PVP being an insulator, [ 33 ] 3 wt% PVP reduced the short circuit current density ( J sc ) from 11.4 to 9.43 mA cm -2 . [ 32 ] PVP being an insulator, [ 33 ] 3 wt% PVP reduced the short circuit current density ( J sc ) from 11.4 to 9.43 mA cm -2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Polymer Stabilization of Lead(II) Perovskite Cubic Nanocrystals for Semitransparent Solar Cells

Guo

Shoyama

Sato

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

177

140

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We fi rst describe the preparation of a fi lm of PVP-PV nanocrystals. A 4:1:1 molar mixture of dry crystalline methylammonium iodide (MAI), PbI 2 , and PbCl 2 , and x wt% of PVP ( x = 0, 3, 6; M w = 40 k) were dissolved in N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) at 60 °C for 12 h and used as a precursor solution. While the value x was varied, the concentration of the precursors excluding PVP was kept at 25 wt%. We then spincoated the precursor solution on either glass/ITO or glass/ITO/ PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate)), followed by heating at 100 °C for 25 min and rapid cooling to room temperature under nitrogen. In accordance with a recent report, [ 26 ] the PV fi lm thus prepared contains 97.1% iodine atoms and only 2.9% Cl atoms, indicating that the chloride anion was largely extruded as MA + Cl − (see Figure S1, Supporting Information, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS) data). Thus, the composition of the active layer discussed below is denoted CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3x Cl x (PV), where x is a very small number. PVP ( M w = 40 k) is widely used for the stabilization of inorganic nanoparticles [ 27 ] and was found to be the best among several different types of polymers (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylpyridine).Next, we describe differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of PVP-PV fi lms prepared on glass/ITO. A thin fi lm for analysis was carefully scraped off from the glass/ITO/PVP-PV with a surgical blade (note that mechanical stress causes a phase change, as discussed below). The DSC data are shown in Figure S2 (Supporting Information), providing evidence for the persistence of a cubic lattice over 5-100 °C. The 0 wt% PVP-PV samples, upon cooling to 5 °C or to -50 °C as shown in Figure S2a,b (Supporting Information), underwent a CTT transition at 52 °C, and a reverse transition at 55 °C upon heating to 100 °C and cooling, respectively. These data conform to the standard behavior of lead PV. [ 28 ] By contrast, the 3 wt% PVP-PV sample in Figure S2c (Supporting Information) cooled from 100 to -50 °C showed no discernable peak, but showed a broad peak at 42 °C upon heating from -50 °C. When we performed the cooling/heating cycle between 100 and 5 °C, we did not observe any phase transition, indicating that the cubic phase persists between 5 and 100 °C, as supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis described below.We fi rst describe the surface morphology of glass/ITO/ PEDOT:PSS/PVP-PV. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis ( Figure 2 a-c) gave us the surface roughness parameter (Rq, root mean square). The Rq value of the surface of 0 wt% PVP-PV was 14.55 nm, the value for 3.0 wt% PVP (Figure 2 b) was 3.11 nm, i.e., much smoother, and the value for 6 wt% was 2.91 nm (Figure 2 c). The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images are consistent with the AFM roughness data (Figure 2 d-f).We next discuss a low-angle diffraction peak of out-of-plane XRD of glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS fi lms, as well as high-angle peaks of a stack of fi lms carefully removed from the substrate (w...

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“…The average size of the perovskite crystallites formed on the m‐TiO 2 and SnO 2 underlayers, which might be a reason for the improved durability, was estimated from the XRD patterns to be 120 and 104 nm with and without the incorporation of PTMA on the m‐TiO 2 underlayer and 72 and 51 nm with and without the incorporation of PTMA on the SnO 2 underlayer, respectively (Figure S2). The control experiment using the previously reported poly(methyl methacrylate) under the same conditions gave perovskite crystallites with an average size of 113 nm on the m‐TiO 2 underlayer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐Oxidizing Radical Polymer‐Incorporated Perovskite Layers and their Photovoltaic Characteristics in Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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A small amount of a radical‐bearing redox‐active polymer, poly(1‐oxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl methacrylate) (PTMA), incorporated into the photovoltaic organo‐lead halide perovskite layer significantly enhanced durability of both the perovskite layer and its solar cell and even exposure to ambient air or oxygen. PTMA acted as an eliminating agent of the superoxide anion radical formed upon light irradiation on the layer, which can react with the perovskite compound and decompose it to lead halide. A cell fabricated with a PTMA‐incorporated perovskite layer and a hole‐transporting polytriarylamine layer gave a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 18.8 % (18.2 % for the control without PTMA). The photovoltaic current was not reduced in the presence of PTMA in the perovskite layer probably owing to a carrier conductivity of PTMA. The incorporated PTMA also worked as a water‐repelling coating for providing humidity‐resistance to the organo‐lead halide perovskite layer.

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Surfactant enhanced surface coverage of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite for highly efficient mesoscopic solar cells

Cited by 53 publications

References 19 publications

Crystal Structure Formation of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite

Crystal Structure Formation of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite

Polymer Stabilization of Lead(II) Perovskite Cubic Nanocrystals for Semitransparent Solar Cells

Anti‐Oxidizing Radical Polymer‐Incorporated Perovskite Layers and their Photovoltaic Characteristics in Solar Cells

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