Surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods

Hydroxylapatite nanoparticles: fabrication methods and medical applications

“…Additives such as surfactants [155][156][157][158], amino acid [159,160], dicarboxylic acid [161] and citrates [162] as well as pH [162] affect the morphologies of the particles treated. Wu et al [163] recently revealed that the chirality of the additives plays an important role in the asymmetric crystal growth of apatite by using l-or d-form of glutamic acid or aspartic acid.…”

Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates

“…The term "hydrothermal" refers to a chemical reaction of substances in a sealed heated solution above ambient temperature and pressure [358] and this process allows synthesis of highly pure fine-grained single crystals, with controlled morphology and narrow size distribution [333]. Extraneous additives, such as EDTA [351], surfactants [352,359], anionic starburst dendrimer [353] etc., might be utilized to modify the morphology of nanodimensional and/or nanocrystalline apatites during the synthesis. Most of these techniques produced rod-like crystals or whiskers, while plate-like shapes were obtained in just a few studies [335,345,347].…”

On the Formation of Hydroxyapatite Nano Crystals Prepared Using Cationic Surfactant

“…These organized organic surfaces can control the nucleation of inorganic materials by geometric, electrostatic and stereo-chemical complementarities between the embryonic nuclei and the functionalized substrates [15][16][17][18] . Surfactant assembly also shows more versatility because the size range of the reaction environment is more extensive and there is potential for molecular engineering of surface functional groups 19 . Cationic surfactants, besides their surface activity, do show some antibacterial properties and are also used as cationic softeners, lubricants, retarding and antiseptic agents and in some cases for consumer uses 20 .…”