Surface wax of Andreaea and Pogonatum species

Haas, Klaus

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(82)83159-2

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…They typically colonize moist habitats and collectively exhibit a range of adaptive strategies to resist or tolerate desiccating conditions, including an abscisic acid-responsive pathway to counter dehydration, accumulation of compatible solutes to retain water, production of rehydrins to prevent cellular damage following rehydration of dry tissues , and late embryogenesis abundant protein synthesis (Minami et al, 2005). In addition, there are many reports of cuticles both in early land plants from the fossil record (Jeffree, 2006) and in extant bryophytes (Schönherr and Ziegler, 1975;Caldicott and Eglinton, 1976;Proctor, 1979;Haas, 1982;Sack and Paolillo, 1983;Clayton-Greene et al, 1985;Nissinen and Sewón, 1994;Neinhuis and Jetter, 1995;Budke et al, 2011), though studies of the latter have highlighted chemical composition or architecture, but rarely both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Is Required for Cuticular Wax Deposition and Desiccation Tolerance in the Moss Physcomitrella patens

et al. 2013

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The plant cuticle is thought to be a critical evolutionary adaptation that allowed the first plants to colonize land, because of its key roles in regulating plant water status and providing protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. Much has been learned about cuticle composition and structure through genetic and biochemical studies of angiosperms, as well as underlying genetic pathways, but little is known about the cuticles of early diverging plant lineages. Here, we demonstrate that the moss Physcomitrella patens, an extant relative of the earliest terrestrial plants, has a cuticle that is analogous in both structure and chemical composition to those of angiosperms. To test whether the underlying cuticle biosynthetic pathways were also shared among distant plant lineages, we generated a genetic knockout of the moss ATP binding cassette subfamily G (ABCG) transporter Pp-ABCG7, a putative ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana ABCG transporters involved in cuticle precursor trafficking. We show that this mutant is severely deficient in cuticular wax accumulation and has a reduced tolerance of desiccation stress compared with the wild type. This work provides evidence that the cuticle was an adaptive feature present in the first terrestrial plants and that the genes involved in their formation have been functionally conserved for over 450 million years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Is Required for Cuticular Wax Deposition and Desiccation Tolerance in the Moss Physcomitrella patens

et al. 2013

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“…Similar chain length composition is observed across gametophytes of twelve species of the peat bog moss genus Sphagnum [58]. A study that examined cuticular waxes of both endohydric ( Pogonatum ) and ectohydric ( Andreaea ) gametophytes had similar results, with 22–28 carbon waxes predominating [59]. Analysis of Pogonatum sporophyte cuticular wax, however, revealed 29-carbon alkanols as the most abundant wax component [60].…”

Section: The Cer2-like Gene Familymentioning

confidence: 78%

The Unique Role of the ECERIFERUM2-LIKE Clade of the BAHD Acyltransferase Superfamily in Cuticular Wax Metabolism

Haslam

Gerelle

Graham

et al. 2017

Plants

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The elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids is a conserved process used for the production of many metabolites, including plant cuticular waxes. The elongation of precursors of the most abundant cuticular wax components of some plants, however, is unique in requiring ECERIFERUM2-LIKE (CER2-LIKE) proteins. CER2-LIKEs are a clade within the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases. They are known to be required for cuticular wax production in both Arabidopsis and maize based on mutant studies. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis and rice CER2-LIKEs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has demonstrated that they modify the chain-length specificity of elongation when paired with particular condensing enzymes. Despite sequence homology, CER2-LIKEs are distinct from the BAHD superfamily in that they do not appear to use acyl transfer activity to fulfill their biological function. Here, we review the discovery and characterization of CER2-LIKEs, propose several models to explain their function, and explore the importance of CER2-LIKE proteins for the evolution of plant cuticles.

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“…The structure of wax crystals and their chemical composition from the cuticles of bryophytes could help to clarify this problem. Haas (1982Haas ( , 1999 has analyzed surface waxes of Andreaea rupestris, Pogonatum aloides and P. urnigerum and found that these are comparable to epicuticular waxes of higher plants. For example surface waxes of the P. urnigerum gametophyte are mainly composed of free fatty acids, aldehydes and esters, whereas the sporophytes (theca) have secondary alcohols (mainly C 29 -ol), less aldehydes and more esters (Haas, 1999).…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Buch (1945) argued that cuticles are only present in endohydric bryophytes, but Proctor (1979) found surface waxes also in Hookeria lucens and Haas (1982) also in Andreaea rupestris and Plagiothecium undulatum (Hedw.) (Haas, 1999), and these are ectohydric mosses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%