Surface waves

Barlow, H.E.M.; Cullen, Ann

doi:10.1049/jiee-2.1953.0235

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…1) Enjoy a more favorable propagation condition for transmitting radio signals that has much less path loss. Specifically, the received power for surface wave is inversely proportional to the propagation distance, d, compared to the squared distance in the case of space wave propagation [57]. In the far-field from an RIS, it is known that the received power,…”

Section: Vision and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO Evolution Beyond 5G Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Fluid Antenna Systems

et al. 2022

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With massive deployment, multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) systems continue to take mobile communications to new heights, but the ever-increasing demands mean that there is a need to look beyond MIMO and pursue the next disruptive wireless technologies. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is widely considered a key candidate technology block to provide the next generational leap. The first part of this article provides an updated overview of the conventional reflection-based RIS technology, which complements the existing literature to include active and semiactive RIS, and the synergies with cell-free massive MIMO (CF mMIMO). Then, we Manuscript

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Section: Vision and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO Evolution Beyond 5G Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Fluid Antenna Systems

et al. 2022

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“…Surface wave is a non-radiating wave that propagates along the interface between two different media [7]. The definition can be formally classified into eleven types according to their physical properties [10].…”

Section: Surface Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, both media have finite losses, and the E-field of the surface wave will attenuate as it propagates along the interface. A classical result is that the power of a trapped surface wave is inversely proportional to the propagation distance, d [7]:…”

Section: Surface Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article proposes a new vision of smart radio environment that considers the use of non-radiative, trapped surface wave propagation [7], [8], as opposed to free-space propagation where radio waves are launched from the surface in [1], [2]. The surface waves considered in this article are trapped surface waves [8] which glide at the interface of materials with different dielectric constants and the radio propagation is made to be confined to the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Vision to Smart Radio Environment: Surface Wave Communication Superhighways

Wong

Tong

Chu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Complementary to traditional approaches that focus on transceiver design for bringing the best out of unstable, lossy fading channels, one radical development in wireless communications that has recently emerged is to pursue a smart radio environment by using software-defined materials or programmable metasurfaces for establishing favourable propagation conditions. This article portraits a vision of communication superhighways enabled by surface wave (SW) propagation on "smart surfaces" for future smart radio environments. The concept differs from the mainstream efforts of using passive elements on a large surface for bouncing off radio waves intelligently towards intended user terminals. In this vision, energy efficiency will be ultra-high, due to much less pathloss compared to free space propagation, and the fact that SW is inherently confined to the smart surface not only greatly simplifies the task of interference management, but also makes possible exceptionally localized high-speed interferencefree data access. We shall outline the opportunities and associated challenges arisen from the SW paradigm. We shall also attempt to shed light on several key enabling technologies that make this realizable. One important technology which will be discussed is a software-controlled fluidic waveguiding architecture that permits dynamic creation of high-throughput data highways.

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“…It was not until almost 50 years later that epoch-making discovery was made in this field. Several investigators studied propagation over a stratified Earth (Barlow and Cullen, 1953; Barlow and Karbowiak, 1954; Wait, 1953, 1957) and threw light on this problem. Wait (1962[b]) suggested that the total surface wave was composed of the Norton surface wave and, in addition, a trapped surface wave or Barlow wave, which occurs under special conditions for which the angle b > o, i.e.…”

Section: Model For Ground-wave Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Effects on Ground-Wave propagation in Cold Regions

Blomquist

1975

J. Glaciol.

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A BSTRACT. The ground-wave is the most importa nt mode of propaga ti on of r a dio waves in co nn ec tion with glaciology. In cold regions, sp ecia l conditions a re ofte n preva lent, invol v ing propaga tion ove r nonh o mogeneous earth , presen ce of stratified m edia, a nd low va lu es of conduc tivity and dielectric co nsta nt in the upper strata .A radio wave which propaga tes alo ng the Ea rth 's surface is, however, a lso inAuenced by atmos ph eri c re frac tion. As th e fre que ncy is increased , the roughness of the Earth 's surface must a lso be taken into acco un t. Thus seasona l va ri a tions a re to be expec ted due to ch a nges in the el ec trical a nd top ogra phi cal pro p erti es o f the ground as we ll a s the propagatio n conditions in the a tmosphere. Tt is, however, difficul t to sep a ra te these va rious effec ts, a fa ct which reduces the possibility of u sing ground-wave prop agation as a to ol for obta ining informa tio n on the p rop erties of the ground.Though the prop a gation of the ground-wave has been d ealt with both theore ti call y a nd experim e nta ll y fo r a lmost a century, some of the m os t valua ble informatio n of m ajor importance in cold regions h as b een o bta ined during th e last ten years. New th eoretica l pape rs on propaga tio n over s tra tified media o ffer a n explanation of the amplitude a nd phase va riations of the gro und-wave fi eld , whic h have been m easured , as w e ll as suggesting n ew m ethods to be tes ted a s possible a ids in sol ving gl aciologica l p ro bl ems.In man y prac ti cal cases of ground-wave propaga tion in a r cti c regions, the fo rmula for the ground-wave fi eld strength ca n b e written in a very simpl e way. Such a propaga tion mode l for frequencies a bove 30 MHz is presented in whic h a ccount is taken of the Earth's curvature, the terra in irregul a rities, a nd the effect o f th e tropospheric refrac tio n. This model al so includes the reco very efrect whic h occurs in propagation over mixed paths. A t th e higher frequen cies th e effec t of depol a riza tion becomes very important and sometimes ove rshadows fi eld-stre ngth varia tions du e to th e inAuence of th e el ec trica l prope rties. Fina lly some proble ms will be discussed whic h rema in to b e sol ved or have bee n gi ven ve ry little a tte nti o n up to now. R ESUME . Eifets des saisons sur la propagation des ondes au 5 01 dans les zones f roides. L es ondes terres tres sont le plus importan t m o d e d e propagation d es ondes radio en ra pport a vec la glac io logie. Da ns les r egions fro ides d es conditions speciales sont sou vent predominantes, p a rmi lesquelles un e propaga tio n sur une terre non homoge n e, la presence d e milie ux stratifi es et des b asses valeurs de la conduc ti vite et d e la con sta nte die lec trique dans la stra te superi eure.U ne onde ra dio qui se propage le long d e la surface te rres tre est a ussi, cep e nda n t, inAuen cee p a r la re fra ction atm os pherique. Si la freque n ce augmente il faut aussi prendre en c...

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Surface waves

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

MIMO Evolution Beyond 5G Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Fluid Antenna Systems

MIMO Evolution Beyond 5G Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Fluid Antenna Systems

A Vision to Smart Radio Environment: Surface Wave Communication Superhighways

Seasonal Effects on Ground-Wave propagation in Cold Regions

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