Surface View of Pericytes on the Retinal Capillary in Rabbits Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Murakami, Masahirô; Sugita, A; Shimada, Toshio; Nakamura, Kenichi

doi:10.1679/aohc1950.42.297

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The pericytic diagram proposed by FORBES et al (1977) organs and tissues examined in this study, it appeared that the number of capillary pericytes is positively related to the density of the capillary bed. More numerous pericytes occurred at capillary bifurcations than elsewhere, as described by MURAKAMI et al (1979). The diversity of the shape of the pericyte related to organs and tissues has been pointed out by earlier authors who employed the silver staining method (ZIMMERMANN, 1923;PLENK, 1928;WEIBEL, 1974;STENSAAS, 1975) and the combined SEM technique (MURAKAMI et al, 1979;SHIMADA, 1981;SHIMADA et al, 1982;MAGGIONI et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…More numerous pericytes occurred at capillary bifurcations than elsewhere, as described by MURAKAMI et al (1979). The diversity of the shape of the pericyte related to organs and tissues has been pointed out by earlier authors who employed the silver staining method (ZIMMERMANN, 1923;PLENK, 1928;WEIBEL, 1974;STENSAAS, 1975) and the combined SEM technique (MURAKAMI et al, 1979;SHIMADA, 1981;SHIMADA et al, 1982;MAGGIONI et al, 1989). STENSAAS (1975), who has studied these cells with silver impregnation, has tentatively advocated that three types of pericytes can be distinguished: Type I cells are the most prevalent, and are provided with elongated cytoplasmic processes and are restricted to true capillaries; Type II cells resemble smooth muscle cells and surround intermediately sized microvessels; and large flat-formed Type III cells cover the surface of venules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…RHODIN (1968) has discussed the following function; synthesis, mechanical support, protection, detection, differentiation, and capillary contraction. Of these hypothetical functions, the most widely held one is that the pericyte is a contractile cell which modulates the microvascular blood flow (ZIMMERMANN, 1925;WEIBEL, 1974;STENSAAS, 1975;LEBUEx and WILLEMOT, 1978;MURAKAMI et al, 1979;WILLIAMSON et al, 1980 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this techinique, MURAKAMI et al (1979) first successfully elucidated the surface morphology of pericytes in the retinal capillary. Subsequently, threedimensional images of pericytes in other organs (e.g., thyroid gland, mammary gland, submadibular gland, and skeletal muscle and pancreas) have been demonstrated with the same, or modified methods (SHIMADA, 1981;SHIMADA et al, 1981SHIMADA et al, , 1982MAGGIONI et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Architecture of Pericytes with Special Reference to Their Topographical Relationship to Microvascular Beds.

Shimada

Kitamura

Nakamura

1992

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Summary. Microvascular beds and pericytes in the submandibular gland, thyroid gland and heart were studied by combined scanning electron microscopy and chemical digestion.The submandibular gland had a relatively loose network of blood capillaries, the thyroid gland posessed a close-meshed network of capillaries, and those in the myocardium ran parallel to the long axis of myocardial cells. The thyroid gland exhibited the largest numbers of pericytes. Three types of pericytes could be distinguished by their shape and localization. Type I pericytes, which were confined to true capillaries, had a fusiform or polygonal cell body, a few long, slender longitudinal processes (primary ones) and short, fine circumferential processes (secondary ones). Type II pericytes, which were found in the arterial side of myocardial capillaries, were characterized by large, circumferential band-like processes completely encircling the vessel. Type III pericytes, which were seen on the venous side of thyroid and myocardial capillaries, had a flattened cell body and short, irregular processes. Type II and III pericytes appear to show an intermediate or transitional form between smooth muscle cells and typical pericytes (Type I).Judging from the configuration of pericytes suggests that these are related to functions such as contraction as well as mechanical support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Architecture of Pericytes with Special Reference to Their Topographical Relationship to Microvascular Beds.

Shimada

Kitamura

Nakamura

1992

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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“…A variety of procedures have been reported: most of these employed enzymatic digestion with either trypsin (Mazenet and Franzini-Armstrong, 1982) or collagenase (Evan et al, 1976;Murakami et al, 1979;Shimada, 1981;Miller et al, 1982;Fujiwara and Uehara, 1984). In several studies, enzymatic digestion was either preceded (Shimada, 1981) or followed (Evan et al, 1976;Murakami et al, 1979;Fujiwara and Uehara, 1984) by treatment with heated, concentrated HC1. Simple digestion with either HC1 (Holley and Fahim, 1983) or KOH (Gaudio et al, 1990) is also effective in removing connective tissue components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEM of capillary pericytes prepared by ultrasonic microdissection: Evidence for the existence of a pericapillary syncytium

Wagner

Hossler

1992

Anat. Rec.

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Retia mirabile of the eel swimbladder were exsanguinated, perfusion-fixed and subjected to prolonged osmication. They were then microdissected by ultrasonication which delaminated the capillary bed along planes which revealed the surfaces of arterial and venous capillaries. This procedure resulted in cleaned capillary surfaces largely free of connective tissue elements and basement membrane material. The arterial capillary segments were heavily invested with pericytes characterized by plump cell bodies containing nuclei and an extensive system of processes encircling the capillary wall. These processes exhibited a hierarchical organization consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary elements arising roughly at right angles to each other. Primary and secondary processes exhibited frequent anastomoses and resulted in cytoplasmic continuity between adjacent cell bodies. Processes were also observed to form connections between pericytes on adjacent capillaries. These observations are evidence for the existence of a pericapillary syncytium in which cell bodies may be connected in series and in parallel throughout the arterial capillary bed. This syncytial organization would provide for a coordinated and global contractile response of pericytes to vasoactive hormones and other effectors. It may also provide for synchrony of nuclear division during developmental spread of pericytes along capillary surfaces.

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The cytoarchitecture of the wall and the innervation pattern of the microvessels in the rat mammary gland: A scanning electron microscopic observation

Fujiwara

Uehara

1984

Am. J. Anat.

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This report describes the morphology of the smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and the perivascular autonomic nerve plexus of blood vessels in the rat mammary gland as visualized by scanning electron microscopy after removal of connective-tissue components. From the differences in cellular morphology, eight vascular segments were identified: 1) terminal arterioles (10-30 microns in outer diameter), with a compact layer of spindle-shaped and circularly oriented smooth muscle cells; 2) precapillary arterioles (6-12 microns), with a less compact layer of branched smooth muscle cells having circular processes; 3) arterial capillaries (4-7 microns), with " spidery " pericytes having mostly circularly oriented processes; 4) true capillaries (3-5 microns), with widely scattered pericytes having longitudinal and several circular processes; 5) venous capillaries (5-8 microns), with spidery pericytes having ramifying processes; 6) postcapillary venules (10-40 microns), with clustered spidery pericytes; 7) collecting venules (30-60 microns), with a discontinuous layer of circularly oriented and elongated stellate or branched spindle-shaped cells which may represent primitive smooth muscle cells; and 8) muscular venules (over 60 microns), with a discontinuous layer of ribbon-like smooth muscle cells having a series of small lateral projections. No focal precapillary sphincters were found. The nerve plexus appears to innervate terminal arterioles densely and precapillary arterioles less densely. Fine nerve fibers are only occasionally associated with arterial capillaries. Venous microvessels in the rat mammary gland seemingly lack innervation.

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Surface View of Pericytes on the Retinal Capillary in Rabbits Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Three-Dimensional Architecture of Pericytes with Special Reference to Their Topographical Relationship to Microvascular Beds.

Three-Dimensional Architecture of Pericytes with Special Reference to Their Topographical Relationship to Microvascular Beds.

SEM of capillary pericytes prepared by ultrasonic microdissection: Evidence for the existence of a pericapillary syncytium

The cytoarchitecture of the wall and the innervation pattern of the microvessels in the rat mammary gland: A scanning electron microscopic observation

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