Surface Treatment Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Carbon Black Reinforced Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Composites

Qian, Miaomiao; Huang, Weimin; Wang, Jinfeng; Liu, Weiping; Zhu, Yanchao

doi:10.3390/polym11111763

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…From the FE-SEM micrographs (Figure 4), it is found that all vegetable oils used in this work give similar degree of filler dispersion. Compared with NTO, both MO and NO give smaller size of silica agglomerates and, thus, provide better silica dispersion which leads to the significant improvements in the mechanical and dynamic properties [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Effect Of Oils On Morphology and Storage Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Vegetable Oils with Different Fatty Acids on Natural Rubber Composite Properties

et al. 2021

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Owing to the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic (PCA) oils, much attention has been paid to the replacement of PCA oils by other nontoxic oils. This paper reports comparative study of the effects of new vegetable oils, i.e., Moringa oil (MO) and Niger oil (NO), on rheological, physical and dynamic properties of silica–filled natural rubber composite (NRC), in comparison with petroleum–based naphthenic oil (NTO). The results reveal that MO and NO exhibit higher thermal stability and better processability than NTO. Cure characteristics of the rubber compounds are not significantly affected by the oil type. It is also found that the NRCs containing MO or NO have better tensile strength and lower dynamic energy loss than the NRCs containing NTO. This may be because both MO and NO improve filler dispersion to a greater extent than NTO as supported by storage modulus and scanning electron microscopy results. Consequently, the present study suggests that MO and NO could be used as the alternative non–toxic oils for NRC without any loss of the properties evaluated.

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Section: Effect Of Oils On Morphology and Storage Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Vegetable Oils with Different Fatty Acids on Natural Rubber Composite Properties

et al. 2021

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“…Mechanical properties of NR/BR materials are shown in Table S2 . The elastomer composites were prepared using a laboratory-sized internal mixer (KY-3220C-1L, Dongguan Kaiyan Machinery Equipment Factory, Dongguan, China) according to the formulations listed in previous work [ 35 ]. NR and MA were first mixed in an internal mixer at 40 rpm and 100 °C for 10 min to incorporate MA onto the main chain of NR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Filler Size and Crosslinking Degree of Polymers on Mullins Effect in Filled NR/BR Composites

Qian

Chen

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Two factors, the crosslinking degree of the matrix (ν) and the size of the filler (Sz), have significant impact on the Mullins effect of filled elastomers. Herein, the result. of the two factors on Mullins effect is systematically investigated by adjusting the crosslinking degree of the matrix via adding maleic anhydride into a rubber matrix and controlling the particle size of the filler via ball milling. The dissipation ratios (the ratio of energy dissipation to input strain energy) of different filled natural rubber/butadiene rubber (NR/BR) elastomer composites are evaluated as a function of the maximum strain in cyclic loading (εm). The dissipation ratios show a linear relationship with the increase of εm within the test range, and they depend on the composite composition (ν and Sz). With the increase of ν, the dissipation ratios decrease with similar slope, and this is compared with the dissipation ratios increase which more steeply with the increase in Sz. This is further confirmed through a simulation that composites with larger particle size show a higher strain energy density when the strain level increases from 25% to 35%. The characteristic dependence of the dissipation ratios on ν and Sz is expected to reflect the Mullins effect with mathematical expression to improve engineering performance or prevent failure of rubber products.

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“…Experiments by Kaewsakul et al [ 41 ] show that chemically bonded rubber contents plateau once silane content in coupling agents approach 10 wt %. Other approaches to improve silica compatibility with rubber include functionalizing rubber compounds with polar groups [ 42 , 43 ], modification of silica surface through grafting [ 44 ], combining it with CB [ 45 ], making hybrid fillers with graphene nanoplatelets [ 46 ] and synthesizing novel silica with high dispersity [ 47 ].…”

Section: Conventional Rubber Fillers For Mechanical Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Nanocellulose-Reinforced Rubber Matrix Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

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Research and development of nanocellulose and nanocellulose-reinforced composite materials have garnered substantial interest in recent years. This is greatly attributed to its unique functionalities and properties, such as being renewable, sustainable, possessing high mechanical strengths, having low weight and cost. This review aims to highlight recent developments in incorporating nanocellulose into rubber matrices as a reinforcing filler material. It encompasses an introduction to natural and synthetic rubbers as a commodity at large and conventional fillers used today in rubber processing, such as carbon black and silica. Subsequently, different types of nanocellulose would be addressed, including its common sources, dimensions, and mechanical properties, followed by recent isolation techniques of nanocellulose from its resource and application in rubber reinforcement. The review also gathers recent studies and qualitative findings on the incorporation of a myriad of nanocellulose variants into various types of rubber matrices with the main goal of enhancing its mechanical integrity and potentially phasing out conventional rubber fillers. The mechanism of reinforcement and mechanical behaviors of these nanocomposites are highlighted. This article concludes with potential industrial applications of nanocellulose-reinforced rubber composites and the way forward with this technology.

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Surface Treatment Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Carbon Black Reinforced Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Composites

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

New Vegetable Oils with Different Fatty Acids on Natural Rubber Composite Properties

New Vegetable Oils with Different Fatty Acids on Natural Rubber Composite Properties

The Influence of Filler Size and Crosslinking Degree of Polymers on Mullins Effect in Filled NR/BR Composites

Recent Developments in Nanocellulose-Reinforced Rubber Matrix Composites: A Review

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