“…A number of techniques are available to measure the interfacial tension of gasliquid, vapor-liquid, and liquid-liquid systems at HPHT conditions. A few of these techniques, used at ambient condition and adapted to high pressure operation, include the pendant drop [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][56][57][58][59][60][61], capillary rise [54,62,63], capillary wave [55], and maximum bubble pressure [64][65][66] methods. The most commonly used HPHT interfacial tension technique is the pendant drop method due to ease of adaptability to high pressure operation and ease of operation to obtain reproducible data.…”
Section: Interfacial Tension and Thermal Conductivitymentioning
Thermophysical properties impact many aspects of the chemical process industries. Here three example areas, primarily in the energy sector, are highlighted to provide context for the experimental and modelling challenges associated with obtaining fluid property data at high pressures and temperatures (HPHT). These three areas include the recovery of petroleum reserves in ultra-deep reservoirs, the use of lubricants to reduce frictional losses in the automotive industries, and the use of high-pressure, common rail diesel fuel delivery to reduce soot emissions for greener environments. The accurate knowledge of thermodynamic and transport properties in these three focused areas minimizes associated operating uncertainties and accelerates safe, reliable, and robust process and product development.
“…A number of techniques are available to measure the interfacial tension of gasliquid, vapor-liquid, and liquid-liquid systems at HPHT conditions. A few of these techniques, used at ambient condition and adapted to high pressure operation, include the pendant drop [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][56][57][58][59][60][61], capillary rise [54,62,63], capillary wave [55], and maximum bubble pressure [64][65][66] methods. The most commonly used HPHT interfacial tension technique is the pendant drop method due to ease of adaptability to high pressure operation and ease of operation to obtain reproducible data.…”
Section: Interfacial Tension and Thermal Conductivitymentioning
Thermophysical properties impact many aspects of the chemical process industries. Here three example areas, primarily in the energy sector, are highlighted to provide context for the experimental and modelling challenges associated with obtaining fluid property data at high pressures and temperatures (HPHT). These three areas include the recovery of petroleum reserves in ultra-deep reservoirs, the use of lubricants to reduce frictional losses in the automotive industries, and the use of high-pressure, common rail diesel fuel delivery to reduce soot emissions for greener environments. The accurate knowledge of thermodynamic and transport properties in these three focused areas minimizes associated operating uncertainties and accelerates safe, reliable, and robust process and product development.
“…At high pressure and high temperature, the method commonly used is the hanging drop method. 25,28,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,49 . The sessile drop method is sometimes used.…”
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“…Therefore, molecular structure plays a significant role in liquid surface tension. The proposed algorithm uses molecular weight and temperature as descriptors in order to determine the effect of temperature on methyl ester biodiesel of choice since increase in temperature reduces the surface tension of biodiesels [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experimental determination of biodiesel surface tension is time consuming and expensive which renders theoretical predictions and estimations essentials [6,7]. Parachor approach is one of the frequently used methods of estimating surface tension of biodiesel fuel.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the obtained equation is quite complicated. Density gradient theory, perturbation theory and cubic equation of states are among other methods for estimating surface tension of biodiesels [6]. This present work develops a stable and less complex model that estimates surface tension of different kinds of methyl esters biodiesel at different temperatures using their molecular weight as input to the model.…”
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