This study presents a pseudo-component method using the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory to predict density, isothermal compressibility, and the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient (expansivity) of hydrocarbon mixtures and diesel and jet fuels. The model is not fit to experimental density data but is predictive to high temperatures and pressures using only two calculated or measured mixture properties as inputs: the number averaged molecular weight and hydrogen to carbon ratio. Mixtures are treated as a single pseudo-component; therefore binary interaction parameters are not needed. Density is predicted up to 470 K and 3,500 bar for hydrocarbon mixtures and fuels with 1% average mean absolute percent deviation (MAPD). Isothermal compressibility is predicted with 4% average MAPD for hydrocarbon mixtures and 9% for fuels. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient is predicted with 7% average MAPD for hydrocarbon mixtures and 13% for fuels.
This
paper presents a reference correlation for the viscosity of
tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate designed to serve in industrial applications
for the calibration of viscometers at elevated temperatures and pressures
such as those encountered in the exploration of oil reservoirs and
in lubrication. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate has been examined
with respect to the criteria necessary for an industrial standard
reference material such as toxicity, thermal stability, and variability
among manufactured lots. The viscosity correlation has been based
upon all of the data collected in a multinational project and is supported
by careful measurements and analysis of all the supporting thermophysical
property data that are needed to apply the standard for calibration
to a wide variety of viscometers. The standard reference viscosity
data cover temperatures from 303 to 473 K, pressures from 0.1 to 200
MPa, and viscosities from approximately 1.6 to 755 mPa s. The uncertainty
in the data provided is of the order of 3.2% at 95% confidence level,
which is thought to be adequate for most industrial applications.
This paper reports
high-pressure viscosity measurements for Krytox
GPL 102 lot K2391 and tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM). These
two viscous liquids have recently been suggested as potential deepwater
viscosity standard (DVS) reference fluids for high temperature, high
pressure viscosity studies associated with oil production from ultradeep
formations beneath the deepwaters of the Gulf of Mexico. The measurements
are performed using a windowed, variable-volume, rolling-ball viscometer
at pressures between 7 and 242 MPa and temperatures between 314 and
527 K with an expanded uncertainty of 3% at a 95% confidence level.
The viscosity results are correlated using an empirical temperature/pressure-dependent
function and a modified Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT)
Equation. The present viscosity data for TOTM and Krytox GPL 102 lot
K2391 are in good agreement with the available reported data in the
literature at lower temperatures and pressures. The viscosity values
of TOTM and Krytox GPL 102 lot K2391 are 9.5 mPa·s and 25 mPa·s,
respectively, at 473 K and 200 MPa, whereas the desired DVS viscosity
value at this condition is 20 mPa·s. Although the viscosity of
Krytox GPL 102 lot K2391 is closer to the targeted value, a comparison
of the present viscosity results with data obtained for lot K1537
indicates a very large lot-to-lot variation of the viscosity for this
polydisperse perfluoropolyether oil, which represents a significant
deficiency for a DVS.
I thank Professor Mark A. M c Hugh for his guidance throughout my undergraduate and graduate education. Dr. M c Hugh's guidance has truly been a significant factor in my growing love for the field of chemical engineering. Lastly, I would like to note that Dr. M c Hugh has never failed to keep me entertained and inspired through his lectures. It has been a pleasure working with Dr. M c Hugh. I would also like to thank Dr. Reddy Mallepally for working closely with me and teaching me how to perform high-pressure experiments. I appreciate Dr. Mallepally's guidance as it has been an integral part of my development as a researcher. In addition, I thank Dr. Babatunde Bamgbade for always lending a helping hand and offering me additional advice from his previous experiences.
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