Surface Tension of Alcohol Water + Water from 20 to 50 .degree.C

Vázquez, G.; Álvarez, Estrella; Navaza, José M.

doi:10.1021/je00019a016

Cited by 1,026 publications

(747 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The observed contact angle was measured using Krüss DSA software and the value just prior to the droplet's contact line moving was taken as the advancing contact angle. The surface tension of the ethanol solutions were consistent with those reported in the literature 16 and exhibit a range of advancing contact angles sufficient to investigate a range of r/R values of up to 1 (θ c =50.73°) 14,15 (Figure 2). Since an MED test uses a range of concentrations of ethanol to estimate the advancing contact angle at which an ethanol solution just penetrates a porous system it is useful to be able to transform numerically from ethanol concentration, c, to surface tension or advancing contact angle (on CTMS modified glass surfaces).…”

Section: Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of Particle Size on Droplet Infiltration into Hydrophobic Porous Media As a Model of Water Repellent Soil

Hamlett

Shirtcliffe

McHale

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The wettability of soil is of great importance for plants and soil biota, and in determining the risk for preferential flow, surface runoff, flooding and soil erosion. The molarity of ethanol droplet (MED) test is widely used for quantifying the severity of water repellency in soils that show reduced wettability and is assumed to be independent of soil particle size. The minimum ethanol concentration at which droplet penetration occurs within a short time (≤ 10 s) provides an estimate of the initial advancing contact angle at which spontaneous wetting is expected. In this study, we test the assumption of particle size independence using a simple model of soil, represented by layers of small (∼0.2 to 2 mm) diameter beads that predict the effect of changing bead radius in the top layer on capillary driven imbibition. Experimental results using a three-layer bead system show broad agreement with the model and demonstrate a dependence of the MED test on particle size. The results show that the critical initial advancing contact angle for penetration can be considerably less than 90° and varies with particle size, demonstrating that a key assumption currently used in the MED testing of soil is not necessarily valid.

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Section: Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of Particle Size on Droplet Infiltration into Hydrophobic Porous Media As a Model of Water Repellent Soil

Hamlett

Shirtcliffe

McHale

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Comparatively, phenylboronic acid is insoluble in some imidazolium ionic liquids and will therefore predominantly remain behind in the reactant ethanol:water solvent phase [70]. The absence of transportation for the water and ethanol reaction mixture constituents through the catalyst membrane is most probably due to the immiscibility of ethanol and water with imidazole containing ionic liquids and the pulsed plasma deposited poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) interfacial layer at ambient temperature [71][72][73], as well as liquid repellency from the underlying PTFE membrane (surface tension of water = 72.8 mN m −1 [74], surface tension of ethanol = 22.3 mN m −1 [74], and surface energy of PTFE = 20.0 mN m −1 [75]). Therefore, the outlined approach not only allows for the palladium catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura carbon-carbon coupling reaction to proceed at room temperature under flow conditions, but also concurrently separates the solvent mixture from the aromatic product phase, thereby eliminating any need for post reaction separation of product from reaction solvents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium–poly(ionic liquid) membranes for permselective sonochemical flow catalysis

Wilson

Kore

Ritchie

et al. 2018

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords:Catalyst membrane Ionic liquid Palladium catalyst Plasmachemical functionalization A B S T R A C TAnisotropic palladium-poly(ionic liquid) catalyst membranes have been prepared by complexation of palladium (II) chloride to poly(ionic liquid) functionalised flexible porous substrates. The practical viability of these low loading (sub 0.1 mol%) palladium catalyst membranes for continuous flow reactions at ambient temperature is demonstrated for the Suzuki-Miyaura carbon-carbon coupling reaction by contacting the reactant mixture with the catalyst membrane and applying sonication. The Suzuki-Miyaura carbon-carbon coupling reaction proceeds at the palladium-poly(ionic liquid) catalyst membrane surface in conjunction with selective permeation (separation) of the desired product species through the underlying porous support. These palladium-poly(ionic liquid) catalyst membranes display minimal metal leaching enabling them to be reused multiple times.

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“…where Mg is the weight of the top plate, N 1 and N 2 are the support forces from the droplets, F 1 and F 2 are the apparent static frictions between the droplet and the top plate, T 1 and T 2 are the tensions of the droplets caused by their different contact angles, L 1 and L 2 are the diameters of the droplet contact area, and σ is the tension coefficient of water 34 (72.8 mN/m). The equations (1)- (4) include two supposes: (1) suppose that velocity (u) of plate is very slow and F viscous = µdu dy ≈ 0 according to Newton's law of viscosity 35 when top plate is moving, and ignore the viscous friction since it is an inner force.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and limit of a tilt manipulation stage based on the electrowetting-on-dielectric principle

et al. 2017

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This work designed a new tilt manipulation stage based on the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) principle as the actuating mechanism and investigated the performance of that stage. The stage was fabricated using a universal MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) fabrication method. In the previously demonstrated form of this device, the tilt stage consisted of a top plate that functions as a mirror, a bottom plate that was designed for changing the shape of water droplets, and supporters that were fixed between the top and bottom plate. That device was actuated by a voltage applied to the bottom plate, resulting in a static electric force actuating the shape change in the droplets by moving the top plate in the vertical direction. Previous experimental results indicated that that device can tilt at up to ±1.8°, with a resolution of 7 μm in displacement and 0.05° in angle. By selecting the best combination of the dielectric layer, the tilt angle was maximized. The new device, fabricated using a common and straightforward fabrication method, avoids deflection of the top plate and grounding in the bottom plate. Because of the limit of Teflon and other MEMS materials, this device has a tilt angle in the range of 3.2-3.5° according to the experimental data for friction and the EWOD device limit, which is close to 1.8°. This paper also describe the investigation of the effects of various parameters, e.g., various dielectric materials, thicknesses, and droplet type and volume, on the performance of the stage. The results indicate that the apparent frictions coefficient of the solid-liquid interface may remain constant, i.e., the friction force is proportional to the normal support force and the apparent frictions coefficient.

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Surface Tension of Alcohol Water + Water from 20 to 50 .degree.C

Cited by 1,026 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Particle Size on Droplet Infiltration into Hydrophobic Porous Media As a Model of Water Repellent Soil

Effect of Particle Size on Droplet Infiltration into Hydrophobic Porous Media As a Model of Water Repellent Soil

Palladium–poly(ionic liquid) membranes for permselective sonochemical flow catalysis

Optimization and limit of a tilt manipulation stage based on the electrowetting-on-dielectric principle

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