“…Many DNA devices [1][2][3], such as DNA chips, DNA sensors, and DNA computers, are based on the principle of the hybridization of ssDNA, immobilized on a substrate, to the complementary strand, the detection target. Many techniques could be used to analyze DNA interactions, such as optical detection of fluorescent oligonucleotides [4], application of surface plasma resonance spectroscopy [5], and direct electrochemical assay of double-stranded DNA [6]. Quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) are well known and very sensitive mass-measuring devices that can be readily used to monitor DNA hybridization and to study their dynamic mechanisms; QCM is an important technique that was recently developed for DNA sensing [7,8].…”