Surface or bulk? Real-time manganese dissolution detection in a lithium-ion cathode

Synergistic effect of p-type and n-type dopants in semiconductors for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting

“…The microscopic state of the surface and how this state is approached therefore plays a role, similar as was observed during charging/ discharging of LiMnO 2 . 59 In the case of catalysts in the system Ti-Mn-Co (see Fig. 12b) we observed generally the same trends, as the anodic polarization to the potential of oxygen evolution does not trigger any appreciable additional catalysts dissolution.…”

“…The microscopic state of the surface and how this state is approached therefore plays a role, similar as was observed during charging/discharging of LiMnO 2 . 59 …”

“…Although the prepared materials are intrinsically unstable as shown by ICP-OES under OCP conditions, the data obtained at anodic polarization suggest that the materials stabilize themselves rather fast aer exposure to the electrolyte solution, which may point to passivating behavior. 59 The observed instability of the prepared substituted and cosubstituted TiO 2 nanoparticles can be explained by the random distribution of dopants in the particles. Dopants placed on the particle surface lead to leaching and loss of the dopants which in turn decreases the OER activity.…”

Electrolyte Effects on the Stabilization of Prussian Blue Analogue Electrodes in Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…It initiates plating of the corresponding transition-metal cations on the anode, leading to SEI formation, electrolyte decomposition, and other failure mechanisms. − A straightforward phenomenological approach to identify dissolved electrode constituents involves ex situ analysis of the electrolyte for transition-metal cations after battery operation. − More advanced in operando techniques were established over the last decades. These involve the real-time reaction gas analysis stemming from the decomposition of the electrolyte and SEI (such as C 2 H 4 , H 2 , CO 2 ), thereby serving as an indirect tracer of ongoing electrode degradation processes. ,, Furthermore, X-ray absorption analysis of dissolved transition-metal ions allows the direct correlation between the applied electrochemistry and detrimental side reaction intermediates, but its low time resolution in the range of several minutes limits its applicability. , Nevertheless, methods for directly probing the dissolution process are still only scarcely available, and only a very few reports have provided insights into real-time or in situ detected elemental leaching rates during battery operation. − …”

Interfacial Strategies for Suppression of Mn Dissolution in Rechargeable Battery Cathode Materials

“…It brings the Mn-based materials varying energy storage mechanisms and potential electrochemical properties and thus a wide range of applications in aqueous and nonaqueous rechargeable batteries (Li-/Na-/Mg-/Zn-ion batteries). − However, Mn inevitably dissolves from active materials into the electrolyte during the (electro)­chemical cycling process, which largely compromises the applicable future of Mn-based electrode materials. Mn dissolution was brought to our attention about 40 years ago, since when the disadvantages of Mn dissolution have been extensively demonstrated. − For one thing, Mn loss in active materials results in structural degradation and capacity attenuation of the electrodes. For another, Mn deposition at the anode side driven by the electric field affects the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) stability that is critical for the anode’s performance. , The critical role of Mn dissolution in plaguing the performance of Mn-based materials has driven researchers to explore its mechanism.…”