Interfacial Strategies for Suppression of Mn Dissolution in Rechargeable Battery Cathode Materials

Abstract

It is urgent to develop high-performance cathode materials for rechargeable batteries to address the globally growing concerns of energy shortage and environmental pollution. Among many candidate materials, Mn-based materials are promising and already used in some commercial batteries. Yet, their applicable future in reversible energy storage is severely plagued by the notorious Mn dissolution behaviors associated with structural instability during long-term cycling. As such, interfacial strategies aiming to protect Mn-based electrodes against Mn dissolution are being widely developed in recent years. A variety of interface-driven designs have been reported to function efficiently in suppressing Mn dissolution, necessitating a timely summary of recent advancements in the field. In this review, various interfaces, including the prebuilt interface and the electrochemically induced interface, to suppress Mn dissolution for Mn-based cathodes are discussed in terms of their fabrication details and functional outcomes. Perspectives for the future of interfacial strategies aiming at Mn dissolution suppression are also shared.

Borate‐Based Surface Coating of Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Disordered Rocksalt Cathode Materials

“…This is a proof for the manganese instability in the structure. [26] In contrast, for the coated samples no Mn could be detected after 100 cycles (the concentration was below the limits of the detection) and negligible amount of Ti was observed. The higher CE values and the ICP-OES results suggest that the use of a coating can mitigate irreversible side reactions and/or TM dissolution.…”

Interfacial Stabilization of Li2O-Based Cathodes by Malonic-Acid-Functionalized Fullerenes as a Superoxo-Radical Scavenger for Suppressing Parasitic Reactions

“…Recently, the rapid spread of electric vehicles has triggered a leap forward in the LIB industry. However, LIBs still have some shortcomings in terms of performance such as insufficient energy density, safety, and cycling life. − In particular, increasing the weight-specific energy density to enable electric vehicles to drive longer distances is essential for advancing the LIB industry. To meet this need, several decades of research have actively focused on increasing the energy density of cathodes. − As a result of these efforts, the capacity of commercial cathodes has considerably increased from 130–140 mAh·g –1 (LiCoO 2 ) to more than 200 mAh·g –1 (NCM 811).…”

Thiophene Based Self‐Doped Conducting Polymers as Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery

“…[20][21][22] However, their major disadvantages are reduced electrode stability (the active material gets dislodged into the electrolyte over a prolonged cycling experiment), self-coupling of the transition intermediate, an irreversible structural transformation that causes losing the redox chemistry of the material, and bifacial crystallization on the electrode during charging/discharging experiment. [23][24][25][26] Numerous efforts have been made to address these disadvantages as follows: i) physical encapsulation of the active organic molecules inside the porous structures of appropriate adsorbents such as graphene, graphene oxides, MOFs and COFs, [27][28][29][30][31] ii) room temperature thermal encapsulation inside carbon nanotubes, [32,33] iii) cross-linked polymerization of the active organic molecules, [34] and iv) covalent linkage of the active molecule on polymeric backbone. [35] In this regard, conducting polymers are a very good choice due to their inherent conducting ability, electrode stability, and relatively large capacity in addition to ease of preparation and reduced cost.…”

“…Organic molecules are recently getting attention because of their reduced cost, numerous possibilities of diverse molecular engineering, flexibility, abundant resourcefulness, user and environmental friendliness [20–22] . However, their major disadvantages are reduced electrode stability (the active material gets dislodged into the electrolyte over a prolonged cycling experiment), self‐coupling of the transition intermediate, an irreversible structural transformation that causes losing the redox chemistry of the material, and bifacial crystallization on the electrode during charging/discharging experiment [23–26] . Numerous efforts have been made to address these disadvantages as follows: i) physical encapsulation of the active organic molecules inside the porous structures of appropriate adsorbents such as graphene, graphene oxides, MOFs and COFs, [27–31] ii) room temperature thermal encapsulation inside carbon nanotubes, [32,33] iii) cross‐linked polymerization of the active organic molecules, [34] and iv) covalent linkage of the active molecule on polymeric backbone [35] .…”