Surface ocean microbiota determine cloud precursors

Sellegri, Karine; Nicosia, Alessia; Freney, Evelyn; Uitz, Julia; Thyssen, Mélilotus; Grégori, Gérald; Engel, Anja; Zäncker, Birthe; Haëntjens, Nils; Mas, Sébastien; Picard, D.; Saint-Macary, Alexia; Peltola, Maija; Trueblood, Jonathan V.; Lefèvre, D.; D’Anna, Barbara; Desboeufs, Karine; Meskhidze, N.; Guieu, Cécile; Law, Cliff S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78097-5

Cited by 27 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This is in good accordance with trends observed in the present study Fogg, 1995;Wikner and Hagstrom, 1988). Wind speed correlated negatively with TEP abundance and area in the SML, showing that wind can negatively affect TEP concentrations at the airsea interface as has been previously suggested (Sun et al, 2018).…”

Section: Fungi In the Ionian Seasupporting

confidence: 93%

Eukaryotic community composition in the sea surface microlayer across an east–west transect in the Mediterranean Sea

2021

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Abstract. The sea surface microlayer (SML) represents the boundary layer at the air–sea interface. Microbial eukaryotes in the SML potentially influence air–sea gas exchange directly by taking up and producing gases and indirectly by excreting and degrading organic matter, which may modify the viscoelastic properties of the SML. However, little is known about the distribution of microbial eukaryotes in the SML. We studied the composition of the microbial community, transparent exopolymer particles and polysaccharides in the SML during the PEACETIME cruise along a west–east transect in the Mediterranean Sea, covering the western basin, Tyrrhenian Sea and Ionian Sea. At the stations located in the Ionian Sea, fungi – likely of continental origin and delivered by atmospheric deposition – were found in high relative abundances, making up a significant proportion of the sequences recovered. Concomitantly, bacterial and picophytoplankton counts decreased from west to east, while transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) abundance and total carbohydrate (TCHO) concentrations remained constant in all basins. Our results suggest that the presence of substrates for fungi, such as Cladosporium, known to take up phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides, in combination with decreased substrate competition by bacteria, might favor fungal dominance in the neuston of the Ionian Sea and other low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (LNLC) regions.

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Section: Fungi In the Ionian Seasupporting

confidence: 93%

Eukaryotic community composition in the sea surface microlayer across an east–west transect in the Mediterranean Sea

2021

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“…The size distribution of the aerosol remained stable throughout the experiment, but the sea spray number emission flux is influenced by the variability in seawater biogeochemical properties. This is presented and discussed in detail in a companion paper (Sellegri et al, 2021), where we show a clear relationship between the sea spray number concentrations generated in the bubblebursting system and the nanophytoplankton concentration of the seawater, not only in the PEACETIME experiment but also in other seawater types.…”

Section: Time Evolution Of the Chemical Composition Of Nascent Sea Spraymentioning

confidence: 67%

“…MOA NR was strongly linked to NanoPhyto (r = 0.34), as was MSA-OA NR and OOA NR but with less significance (r = 0.25). Therefore, these organic classes follow the total sea spray mass and number behavior, as illustrated in Sellegri et al (2021). The hypothesis of organic matter influencing the surface tension of seawater, bubble lifetime, and the number of film drops is therefore linked to this specific class of organic matter.…”

Section: High-time-resolution Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In a companion paper, we illustrate that the total number of sea spray particles measured by the DMPS was correlated to the nanophytoplankton cell abundance (NanoPhyto) (r = 0.33, n = 501, p < 0.001) (Sellegri et al, 2021). The hypothesis behind the dependence of the sea spray number concentration on NanoPhyto is that organic matter released by NanoPhyto influences the surface seawater (SSW) surface tension and therefore the bubble lifetime that drives the number of film drops ejected to the atmosphere.…”

Section: The Sources and Formation Pathways Of Marine Organic Aerosol Speciesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although the size distribution remained constant, the absolute number concentration varied by a factor of 3 over the sampling period. Details of these changes in aerosol number concentration as well as the associated cloud condensation nuclei activity are detailed in Sellegri et al (2021).…”

Section: Size Distribution Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediterranean nascent sea spray organic aerosol and relationships with seawater biogeochemistry

et al. 2021

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Abstract. The organic mass fraction from sea spray aerosol (SSA) is currently a subject of intense research. The majority of this research is dedicated to measurements in ambient air. However a number of studies have recently started to focus on nascent sea spray aerosol. This work presents measurements collected during a 5-week cruise in May and June 2017 in the central and western Mediterranean Sea, an oligotrophic marine region with low phytoplankton biomass. Surface seawater was continuously pumped into a bubble-bursting apparatus to generate nascent sea spray aerosol. Size distributions were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS). Chemical characterization of the submicron aerosol was performed with a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) operating with 10 min time resolution and with filter-based chemical analysis on a daily basis. Using positive matrix factorization analysis, the ToF-ACSM non-refractory organic matter (OMNR) was separated into four different organic aerosol types, identified as primary OA (POANR), oxidized OA (OOANR), methanesulfonic acid type OA (MSA-OANR), and mixed OA (MOANR). In parallel, surface seawater biogeochemical properties were monitored providing information on phytoplankton cell abundance and seawater particulate organic carbon (1 h time resolution) and seawater surface microlayer (SML) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (on a daily basis). Statistically robust correlations (for n>500) were found between MOANR and nanophytoplankton cell abundance, as well as between POANR, OOANR, and particulate organic carbon (POC). Parameterizations of the contributions of different types of organics to the submicron nascent sea spray aerosol are proposed as a function of the seawater biogeochemical properties for use in models.

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Low-volatility vapors and new particle formation over the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition

Baccarini

Dommen

Lehtipalo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aerosols have a major impact on our climate (Stocker et al., 2014). They scatter and absorb solar radiation and are part of cloud formation processes as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nucleating particles (INP). The combination of aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions contributes the largest fraction of uncertainty to the overall radiative forcing budget (Stocker et al., 2014). The present day (PD) aerosol forcing is calculated against a preindustrial (PI) baseline, which is poorly constrained because direct measurements of PI aerosols are impossible. Additionally, the radiative forcing due to aerosol-cloud interactions (RF aci ) is non-linearly dependent on the total aerosol number concentration and is much more sensitive to changes in low concentration regimes, which are more representative of the the PI time (Carslaw et al., 2013(Carslaw et al., , 2017. Therefore, the highly uncertain concentration and distribution of PI aerosols has a disproportionately large effect on the PD RF aci uncertainty. One way to constrain this uncertainty is to better characterize natural sources of aerosols, which were predominant during the PI time. However, there are very few places on Earth that may still resemble PI-like conditions with minimum anthropogenic influence. Among these locations, the Southern Ocean is probably the region with the highest number of PI-like days during summer (Hamilton et al., 2014). Recently, Regayre et al. (2020) demonstrated that a small set of measurements over the Southern Ocean can be as effective as a two orders of magnitude larger and more heterogeneous set of data from the Northern Hemisphere in reducing the RF aci in a global climate model. This highlights the value of measurements in pristine and remote locations.

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Surface ocean microbiota determine cloud precursors

Cited by 27 publications

References 67 publications

Eukaryotic community composition in the sea surface microlayer across an east–west transect in the Mediterranean Sea

Eukaryotic community composition in the sea surface microlayer across an east–west transect in the Mediterranean Sea

Mediterranean nascent sea spray organic aerosol and relationships with seawater biogeochemistry

Low-volatility vapors and new particle formation over the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition

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