Eukaryotic community composition in the sea surface microlayer across an east–west transect in the Mediterranean Sea

Zäncker, Birthe; Cunliffe, Michael; Engel, Anja

doi:10.5194/bg-18-2107-2021

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In general, TEP abundance in oligotrophic parts of the ocean is low (Engel et al, 2020). Values observed during this study are comparable to earlier findings for the ultra-oligotrophic parts of the Mediterranean Sea (Zäncker et al, 2021). Overall, TEP concentration measured as covered area per liter and number of particles per liter showed a positive correlation (r s(108) =0.66, p <0.01).…”

Section: Dynamics Of Transparent Exopolymer Particles and Coomassie S...supporting

confidence: 88%

Dynamics and enzymatic degradation of exopolymer particles under increasing concentrations of silver ions and nanoparticles during a marine mesocosm experiment

et al. 2022

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Pollution of the marine environment is an emerging threat. Nowadays, engineered nanoparticles (<100 nm) such as zinc, copper and silver are widely used as antimicrobial agents, therefore often present in daily-life products. Consequently, the demand and production of nanoparticles are expected to increase. Here, we specifically focus on silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Once released into the environment, AgNPs pose an obvious ecotoxicological risk, potentially affecting ecosystem structure and functioning. For instance, phytoplankton-derived exudates, rich in acidic polysaccharides and amino acids, can abiotically aggregate into microgels such as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP). Hence, microgels can bridge dissolved and particulate size fractions and facilitate aggregate formation with organic and mineral particles. Both physical and chemical properties make TEP and CSP attractive nutrient hotspots for heterotrophic bacterioplankton. Bacteria, in turn, utilize extracellular enzymes to access these carbon and nitrogen pools. However, knowledge about the mechanisms by which AgNPs might interact with and affect the biogeochemical cycling of TEP and CSP is still insufficient. Therefore, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and investigated the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver ions (Ag+) and AgNP on the properties of TEP and CSP (i.e., area and abundance) along with enzymatic activity measurements. Our results showed that cyanobacteria were likely the primary source of CSP in the ultra-oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea. Also, CSP contributed more to the microgel pool than TEP, as indicated by a strong relationship between CSP and heterotrophic microbial dynamics. While silver (i.e., Ag+ or AgNP) had overall only marginal effects, both species affected the relationships between cell-specific LAPase activity and CSP and cell-specific APase activity and phosphate levels. Thus, Ag+ and AgNP have the potential to regulate microgel dynamics. However, future studies are needed to derive a robust understanding of the effects of silver pollution on the coupling of microgel formation and degradation and the follow-on effect on biogeochemical cycles.

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Section: Dynamics Of Transparent Exopolymer Particles and Coomassie S...supporting

confidence: 88%

Dynamics and enzymatic degradation of exopolymer particles under increasing concentrations of silver ions and nanoparticles during a marine mesocosm experiment

et al. 2022

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“…The SML has been considered an "extreme" habitat influenced by high solar radiation, wind-wave interaction, accumulation of pollutants, sudden changes in temperature and salinity, contact to rainfall and depositions from the atmosphere, among other parameters [3][4][5][6][7][8]. While abundance, diversity and function of eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea [9][10][11][12] have been studied in the SML, little is known about residing viruses (reviewed by Rahlff [13]). This is particularly true for the SML within natural surface slicks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecogenomics reveals distinctive viral-bacterial communities in the surface microlayer of a natural surface slick

Rahlff

Wietz

Giebel

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Visible surface films, termed slicks, can extensively cover the sea surface, particularly in coastal regions. The sea-surface microlayer (SML), the upper 1-mm at the air-water interface in slicks (slick SML) harbors a distinctive bacterial community, but little is known about SML viruses. Using flow cytometry, metagenomics, and cultivation, we investigated viruses and the bacterial community from a brackish slick SML in comparison to non-slick SML as well as the seawater below (SSW). We conducted size-fractionated filtration of all samples to distinguish viral attachment to hosts and particles. The slick SML contained higher abundances of virus-like particles, prokaryotic cells, and dissolved organic carbon compared to non-slick SML and SSW. The community of 428 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), 426 predicted as lytic, distinctly differed across all size fractions in the slick SML compared to non-slick SML and SSW. The distinctness was underlined by specific metabolic profiles of bacterial metagenome assembled genomes and isolates, which revealed prevalence of motility genes and diversity of CAZymes in the slick SML. Despite overall lower diversity, several vOTUs were enriched in slick SML over slick SSW. Nine vOTUs were only found in slick SML and six of them were targeted by slick SML-specific CRISPR spacers likely originating from Gammaproteobacteria. Moreover, isolation of three previously unknown lytic phages forAlishewanellasp. andPseudoalteromonas tunicata, representing abundant and actively replicating slick SML bacteria, suggests that viral activity in slicks can contribute to biogeochemical cycling in coastal ecosystems

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“…To date, an increasing number of studies are reporting the presence of chytrids in the marine environment [21,80,84,[94][95][96][97][98], but a limited number have been properly identified and characterized [21]. These are species of Rhizophydium [99], Thalassochytrium [100] and Chytridium [101], which are either facultative or obligate parasites of macro-algae and invertebrates but diatoms (Table 1) [102,103].…”

Section: Chytridiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal Parasitic Fungi in Marine Food Webs—A Mystery Yet to Unravel

Ilicic

Grossart

2022

JoF

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Although aquatic and parasitic fungi have been well known for more than 100 years, they have only recently received increased awareness due to their key roles in microbial food webs and biogeochemical cycles. There is growing evidence indicating that fungi inhabit a wide range of marine habitats, from the deep sea all the way to surface waters, and recent advances in molecular tools, in particular metagenome approaches, reveal that their diversity is much greater and their ecological roles more important than previously considered. Parasitism constitutes one of the most widespread ecological interactions in nature, occurring in almost all environments. Despite that, the diversity of fungal parasites, their ecological functions, and, in particular their interactions with other microorganisms remain largely speculative, unexplored and are often missing from current theoretical concepts in marine ecology and biogeochemistry. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research avenues on parasitic fungi and their ecological potential in marine ecosystems, e.g., the fungal shunt, and emphasize the need for further research.

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Eukaryotic community composition in the sea surface microlayer across an east–west transect in the Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 12 publications

References 81 publications

Dynamics and enzymatic degradation of exopolymer particles under increasing concentrations of silver ions and nanoparticles during a marine mesocosm experiment

Dynamics and enzymatic degradation of exopolymer particles under increasing concentrations of silver ions and nanoparticles during a marine mesocosm experiment

Ecogenomics reveals distinctive viral-bacterial communities in the surface microlayer of a natural surface slick

Basal Parasitic Fungi in Marine Food Webs—A Mystery Yet to Unravel

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