Surface N Balances in Agricultural Crop Production Systems in China for the Period 1980–2015

Sun, Bo; Shen, Runping; Bouwman, A. F.

doi:10.1016/s1002-0160(08)60020-x

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…While several other studies noted the spatial and temporal changes in the N budget of China (e.g. Fang et al 2007;Wang et al 2007;Qiu et al 2008;Sun et al 2008), all have focused on agroecosystems, without considering the vast area of other land uses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nitrogen budget of mainland China with spatial and temporal variation

et al. 2011

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The present study evaluated nitrogen (N) input and output in mainland China using updated data of temporally and spatially-based land use maps and statistical data at national and provincial scales. The total N inputs increased from 3,081 kg km -2 in 1985 to 5,426 kg km -2 in 2007. Chemical fertilizer dominated the N input and showed an increasing trend. Biological N fixation was the second important N input till 1990 and atmospheric deposition became the second most important source after that, accounting for 24.0% in 2007. There was no net N input through food/feed import in 1985, but it accounted for 3.5% of the total N input in 2007. According to a mass balance model, we assumed total N input equal to output. The results showed that more than half of the total N was denitrified or stored in the system. Ammonia volatilization accounted for 18.9-22.9% of the total N input, and N export to water bodies accounted for 17.9-20.7%. About 5.1-7.7% of the N input was emitted to the atmosphere through biomass burning. When calculated per unit area, total N input, N export to water bodies, denitrification and storage could be very well explained by human population density. Nitrogen input and major outputs were also positively related to per capita gross domestic product and the percentage of total land area used as cropland. The N budget is compared to that of some other countries and the environmental impacts of the N cycle is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nitrogen budget of mainland China with spatial and temporal variation

et al. 2011

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“…However, most of these investigations have focused on a specific district or only on agro-ecosystems rather than the whole country (13)(14)(15). There are still large gaps in knowledge of the specific dynamic and trajectory of Nr cycling across the entire environmental system of China.…”

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confidence: 99%

Centennial-scale analysis of the creation and fate of reactive nitrogen in China (1910–2010)

Cui

Shi

Groffman

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

280

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Human mobilization and use of reactive nitrogen (Nr) has been one of the major aspects of global change over the past century. Nowhere has that change been more dramatic than in China, where annual net Nr creation increased from 9.2 to 56 Tg from 1910 to 2010. Since 1956, anthropogenic Nr creation exceeded natural Nr creation, contributing over 80% of total Nr until 2010. There is great interest and uncertainty in the fate and effects of this Nr in China. Here, a comprehensive inventory of Nr in China shows that Nr (including recycled Nr) has continuously and increasingly accumulated on land (from 17 to 45 Tg), accompanied by increasing transfers to the atmosphere (before deposition; from 7.6 to 20 Tg), inland waters (from 2.7 to 9.6 Tg), and coastal waters (from 4.5 to 7.7 Tg) over the past 30 y. If current trends continue, Nr creation from human activities will increase to 63 Tg by 2050, raising concerns about deleterious environmental consequences for land, air, and water at regional and global scales. Tremendous amounts of Nr have accumulated in plants, soils, and waters in China over the past 30 y, but the retention capacity of the terrestrial landscape seems to be declining. There is a possibility that the negative environmental effects of excessive Nr may accelerate in coming decades, increasing the urgency to alter the trajectory of increasing Nr imbalance. Here, a conceptual framework of the relationships between human drivers and Nr cycling in China is oriented and well-targeted to Chinese abatement strategies for Nr environmental impact.

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“…We note that, at the mean level, both organic and conventional farming have displayed a varying nitrogen surplus, ranging from -0.1 kg per mu to 2.6 kg per mu. Compared to other Chinese provinces, the nitrogen surplus level in Sancha village is still low (Sun and Bouwman, 2008;Wang et al, 2007) while compared to its neighbor countries such as Thailand, Bangladesh and Vietnam, it appears to be at a similar or higher level (Wijnhoud et al, 2003;Hossain et al, 2012;Mussgnug et al, 2006). Once again, the nitrogen balance indicates a significant loss of environmental performance for organic farming during the scale-up period, which highlights the necessity of nitrogen optimization.…”

Section: Organic Farming In Sancha Villagementioning

confidence: 94%