Surface morphology properties of biochars obtained from different biomass waste

Suman, Siddharth; Panwar, Deepak Singh; Gautam, Shalini

doi:10.1080/15567036.2017.1283553

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Temperature activation of the feedstock apparently increases the specific surface area of particles, which is evidenced by changes in the iodine number values (Table 2). In [30], an increased pyrolysis temperature was reported to increase the number of formed pores. In addition, thermal decomposition of chemical bonds, at higher temperatures, can cause melting of some compounds, which contribute to additional ruptures of bonds and a change in the structure of biochar particles, which is manifested in the formation of large pores [31].…”

Section: Biochar Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere

et al. 2021

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The process of slow pyrolysis of seven nut shell samples, in a nitrogen-purged atmosphere, has been studied, as well as characteristics of biochar obtained. The heat carrier with a temperature of 400–600 °C (with a step of 100 °C) was supplied indirectly using a double-walled reactor. The heating rate was 60 °C/min. At increased temperature of the heating medium, a decrease in the amount of the resulting carbon residue averaged 6.2 wt%. The release of non-condensable combustible gas-phase compounds CO, CH4, and H2, with maximum concentrations of 12.7, 14.0, and 0.7 vol%, respectively, was registered. The features of the obtained biochar sample conversions were studied using thermal analysis in inert (nitrogen) and oxidative (air) mediums at 10 °C/min heating rate. Kinetic analysis was performed using Coats–Redfern method. Thermal analysis showed that the main weight loss (Δm = 32.8–43.0 wt%) occurs at temperatures ranging between 290 °C and 400 °C, which is due to cellulose decomposition. The maximum carbon content and, hence, heat value were obtained for biochars made from macadamia nut and walnut shells. An increased degree of coalification of the biochar samples affected their reactivity and, in particular, caused an increase in the initial temperature of intense oxidation (on average, by 73 °C). While technical and elemental composition of nut shell samples studied were quite similar, the morphology of obtained biochar was different. The morphology of particles was also observed to change as the heating medium temperature increased, which was expressed in the increased inhomogeneity of particle surface. The activation energy values, for biochar conversion in an inert medium, were found to vary in the range of 10–35 kJ/mol and, in an oxidative medium—50–80 kJ/mol. According to literature data, these values were characteristic for lignin fibers decomposition and oxidation, respectively.

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Section: Biochar Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere

et al. 2021

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“…For example, surface morphology and chemical composition of carbonaceous materials can be investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM and SEM-EDS) (Fang et al, 2018;Hernandez-Mena et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2016;Suman et al, 2017). Information on surface functional groups of BC samples has been obtained using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (Jindo et al, 2014) while mercury porosimetry has been used to study BC porosity, surface area and density (Brewer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multianalytical characterization of biochar and hydrochar produced from waste biomasses for environmental and agricultural applications

et al. 2019

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“…In conclusion, the EDS and XPS analyses reveal that C is the major element in the nettle-derived CNS. The presence of O is also confirmed, which is common in biomass-derived C 34 . These analyses further confirm the absence of any metal impurities in the nettle-derived CNS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Physico-chemical properties and toxicological effects on plant and algal models of carbon nanosheets from a nettle fibre clone

Shah

Qasem

Berni

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Carbon nanosheets are two-dimensional nanostructured materials that have applications as energy storage devices, electrochemical sensors, sample supports, filtration membranes, thanks to their high porosity and surface area. Here, for the first time, carbon nanosheets have been prepared from the stems and leaves of a nettle fibre clone, by using a cheap and straight-forward procedure that can be easily scaled up. The nanomaterial shows interesting physical parameters, namely interconnectivity of pores, graphitization, surface area and pore width. These characteristics are similar to those described for the nanomaterials obtained from other fibre crops. However, the advantage of nettle over other plants is its fast growth and easy propagation of homogeneous material using stem cuttings. This last aspect guarantees homogeneity of the starting raw material, a feature that is sought-after to get a nanomaterial with homogeneous and reproducible properties. To evaluate the potential toxic effects if released in the environment, an assessment of the impact on plant reproduction performance and microalgal growth has been carried out by using tobacco pollen cells and the green microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. No inhibitory effects on pollen germination are recorded, while algal growth inhibition is observed at higher concentrations of leaf carbon nanosheets with lower graphitization degree.

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Surface morphology properties of biochars obtained from different biomass waste

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere

Multianalytical characterization of biochar and hydrochar produced from waste biomasses for environmental and agricultural applications

Physico-chemical properties and toxicological effects on plant and algal models of carbon nanosheets from a nettle fibre clone

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