Surface Morphology of Cathodic Nickel Deposits Produced via Magnetoelectrolysis

Shannon, J. C.; Gu, Z. H.; Fahidy, T. Z.

doi:10.1149/1.1838144

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The magnetic field, in addition to acting on the paramagnetic Ni ions, influences the flow dynamics and stability of the evolved gas bubbles. 4 This behavior of Ni is at variance with that of the Fe electrodeposits because, in the case of Fe, there is no drastic increase of the current ͑Fig. 6͒ at investigated cathodic potentials between Ϫ1000 and Ϫ5000 mV/SCE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Magnetoresistance Controls of Arborous Bead-Dendritic Growth of Magnetic Electrodeposits

Nikolic

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The effect of magnetic fields applied on magnetic metals electrodeposition was examined. Nickel deposits obtained from a Watt solution with coumarin, at cathodic potentials of Ϫ1000, Ϫ1200, and Ϫ1300 mV/SCE, without and with, both, perpendicular and parallel oriented to the electrode surface low applied magnetic fields ͑up to 500 Oe͒ were examined by scanning electron microscopy ͑SEM͒ technique. At a potential of Ϫ1300 mV/SCE, a dramatic difference was observed between nickel morphologies obtained with a perpendicular oriented magnetic field ͑zero MHD effect͒ and those obtained in the absence of one. The nickel deposit obtained with perpendicular oriented magnetic fields was a very developed 3D arboreous-bead-dendritic structure. On the other hand, the nickel deposit obtained without the presence of magnetic field was very rough, with a clearly visible clustered structure. The obtained nickel morphologies are then compared with copper morphologies. Based on the fact that copper deposits obtained with and without a perpendicular oriented magnetic field were dendritic structures, the observed difference between nickel deposits with and those without a perpendicular oriented field, is essentially ascribed to the magnetoresistance effect on the magnetic deposits, which are nonexistent in nonmagnetic materials. We also have done experiments with iron deposits.The effect of an applied magnetic field on metal electrodeposition has been a subject of many investigations. 1-8 It was shown that an imposed magnetic field realizes various effects on electrolytic processes and in particular on the morphology and structure of metals or alloys prepared by electrodeposition. Morphologies of electrochemically obtained metal deposits are often strongly changed if metal electrodeposition was performed in the presence of a magnetic field. For example, a dense and compact deposit can be obtained in the presence of a magnetic field instead of dendritic one obtained without a magnetic field. 8 Changes in morphology of metal deposits were ascribed to the Lorentz force. 5 This force, F, exerted by an electromagnetic field B on the ions of charge q moving at the velocity v within an electric field E can be presented by Eq. 1 1,5During electrolysis, this force acts on the migration of ions and induces convective flow of electrolyte close to the electrode surface. This effect on the electrodeposition process is known as the magnetohydrodynamic ͑MHD͒ effect. The magnetohydrodynamic flow in electrochemical systems is conveniently described by the force per unit volume acting on the solution, F MHD ͑in N/m 3 ͒, and which is given by Eq. 2, 9 where J ͑in C/m 2 ͒ is the local flux of ionsThe largest effect of this force, and consequently, the largest effect on convective mass transport of the electrolyte, can be realized when magnetic field B is applied parallel to the electrode surface ͑i.e., an external magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the direction of the ion flux͒. 9 This expectation is generally observed in investigations that hav...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Magnetoresistance Controls of Arborous Bead-Dendritic Growth of Magnetic Electrodeposits

Nikolic

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Furthermore, an applied PPMF has a large influence on the mass transport and the deposit morphology. [6][7][8][9] In the absence of permanent perpendicular magnetic field (PPMF), the mass transport factors which can control the electrode process are diffusion, ionic migration and convection (natural and forced). With the application of a PPMF, forces such as paramagnetic force ( ), F P field gradient force ( ), can become prominent in an electrode reaction, and all forces have units of force per unit volume (N m -3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of magnetic field on the electrodeposition of Ni-Co alloy

2010

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The electrodeposition of Ni-Co alloy from a nickel Watt's solution in the absence and presence of a permanent parallel magnetic field (PPMF) to the plane of deposition (perpendicular to direction of current) produced a deposited layer with mostly fine grain structure. The deposited layers have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). It was found that the mass deposition rate with PPMF was greater than the deposition in the absence of PPMF, where the rate of difference electrodeposited mass (Δm) was calculated (Δm = 0⋅07 to 0⋅12 mg cm -2 min -1 ). In the presence of PPMF, the electrodeposition of cobalt was high (0 to 5%) compare to the absence of PPMF. The corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy layers fabricated by PPMF proved higher than without PPMF.

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“…A way to obtain different composition phases of alloys is to superimpose a magnetic field during codeposition process [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. When an electrochemical codeposition is undertaken under magnetic field, convection in the electrolytic solution is induced: it is the so-called MHD effect (magneto-hydrodynamic effect).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%