Surface-Modified Highly Biocompatible Bacterial-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate): A Review on the Promising Next-Generation Biomaterial

Abstract

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacteria derived bio-based polymers that are synthesised under limited conditions of nutritional elements with excess carbon sources. Among the members of PHAs, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [(P(3HB-co-4HB)] emerges as an attractive biomaterial to be applied in medical applications owing to its desirable mechanical and physical properties, non-genotoxicity and biocompatibility eliciting appropriate host tissue responses. The tailorable physical and chemical properties and easy surface functionalisation of P(3HB-co-4HB) increase its practicality to be developed as functional medical substitutes. However, its applicability is sometimes limited due to its hydrophobic nature due to fewer bio-recognition sites. In this review, we demonstrate how surface modifications of PHAs, mainly P(3HB-co-4HB), will overcome these limitations and facilitate their use in diverse medical applications. The integration of nanotechnology has drastically enhanced the functionality of P(3HB-co-4HB) biomaterials for application in complex biological environments of the human body. The design of versatile P(3HB-co-4HB) materials with surface modifications promise a non-cytotoxic and biocompatible material without inducing severe inflammatory responses for enhanced effective alternatives in healthcare biotechnology. The enticing work carried out with P(3HB-co-4HB) promises to be one of the next-generation materials in biomedicines which will facilitate translation into the clinic in the future.

Toward heat resistant polylactide blend fibers via incorporation of low poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate] content

“…Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of fermentation derived biodegradable polyesters, have received extensive attention 14,15 . There are more than 150 PHA species, such as poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), 16 poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐4‐hydroxybutyrate] (P34HB), 17 and so forth.…”

“…10 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of fermentation derived biodegradable polyesters, have received extensive attention. 14,15 There are more than 150 PHA species, such as poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), 16 poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate] (P34HB), 17 and so forth. In our previous work, we have found that a high content of PHBV (PHBV content ≥ 30 wt.%) could significantly improve the heat resistance of the PLA fibers.…”

Enhanced bone regeneration via PHA scaffolds coated with polydopamine-captured BMP2

“…56 Some studies based on P34HB were conducted for bone tissue engineering with various types of scaffold structures not formed using 3D printing techniques, 57 and weak osteogenic effects were observed due to the hydrophobicity of P34HB, which is preferred for cellular adhesion, migration and differentiation. 58 Therefore, the hydrophilicity of the PDA coating alters the surface physical properties of P34HB (Fig. S2 and S3, ESI †), which changes the cell behaviors in the scaffolds.…”

Polyhydroxybutyrate Metabolism in Azospirillum brasilense and Its Applications, a Review

“…PHB shares similar properties with PP, in areas such as tensile modulus, tensile strength, and melting temperature. However, PHB is biodegradable and biocompatible, and its degradation does not release toxic products, which does not occur with PP [ 47 ]. The above characteristics would make PHB suitable to replace the use of PP in the industry.…”

“… PHB granules in bacteria. Granules contain growing PHB chains at the core and are surrounded by GAPs (Created with data previously reported [ 39 , 43 , 47 ]). …”