Surface Modification of Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Technologies, Developments, and Future Interests

Abstract

Thanks to a considerable number of fascinating properties, titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys play important roles in a variety of industrial sectors. However, Ti and Ti alloys could not satisfy all industrial requirements; the degradation of Ti and Ti alloys always commences on their surfaces in service, which declines the performances of Ti workpieces. Therefore, with aim to further improve their mechanical, corrosion and biological properties, surface modification is often required for Ti and Ti alloys. This article reviews the technologies and recent developments of surface-modification methods with respect to Ti and Ti alloys, including mechanical, physical, chemical, and biochemical technologies. Conventional methods have limited improvement in the properties and/or restriction on the geometry of workpieces. Therefore, many advanced surfacemodification technologies have emerged in recent decades. New methods make Ti and Ti alloys have better performance and extended applications. With requirement of high surface properties in future. Understanding the mechanism in various surface-modification methods, combining the advantages of current technologies and developing new coating materials with high performance are required urgently. As such, incorporation of different surface-modification technologies with high-performance modified layers may be the mainstream of surface modifications for Ti and Ti alloys. . His current research interests focus on the metal additive manufacturing (e.g., selective laser melting, electron beam melting), titanium alloys and composites, and processing-microstructureproperties in high-performance materials.

Combined Endothelialization Promoting and Surface Binding Chimeric Conjugate with Low Thrombogenicity

“…Phage display generated peptides have been described for a plethora of materials including titanium . In contrast to the standard method for the surface activation of Tithat is silanization , the application of a material recognizing peptide is less time-consuming and can be performed under aqueous conditions. Interestingly, different peptide motifs are applicable for the same substrate, here, titanium. , It has previously been shown that using a PEG–peptide conjugate for this purpose results in a surface with antifouling properties .…”

3D Printed Pedicle Screws with Microarc Oxidation Ceramic Interfaces Enhance Osteointegration and Orthopedic Fixation Feasibility

“…39 In addition, the enrichment of CaP elements also provides binding sites for osteoblast growth factors and other substances to further promote the growth of osteoblasts. 7,40 The following osteogenic experiments also demonstrated that the osteoinductive ions of ceramic oxide coatings could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.…”

“…Bioceramics are a class of inorganic materials, and the Ca 2+ , PO 4 3– , and Si 4+ released from bioceramics are considered to have the potential to enhance bone regeneration and healing . In addition, the enrichment of CaP elements also provides binding sites for osteoblast growth factors and other substances to further promote the growth of osteoblasts. , The following osteogenic experiments also demonstrated that the osteoinductive ions of ceramic oxide coatings could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.…”

Magnetic Field‐Assisted Laser Shock Peening of Ti6Al4V Alloy

“…Dislocation lines tangle to increase their density due to the obstacle impediment. [55][56][57] At a certain strain level, intersecting dislocations with cellular structures transform into LAGBs through DRX during FLSP (Figure 5b). The dislocation density in the grain is low, and most of them are tangled in LAGBs (Figure 4a,d).…”