Surface modification of PVDF using non-mammalian sources of collagen for enhancement of endothelial cell functionality

Abstract

Although polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is non-toxic and stable in vivo, its hydrophobic surface has limited its bio-applications due to poor cell-material interaction and thrombus formation when used in blood contacting devices. In this study, surface modification of PVDF using naturally derived non-mammalian collagen was accomplished via direct surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP) to enhance its cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Results showed that Type I collagen was successfully extracted from fish scales and bullfrog skin. The covalent immobilisation of fish scale-derived collagen (FSCOL) and bullfrog skin-derived collagen (BFCOL) onto the PVDF surface improves the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, both FSCOL and BFCOL had comparable anti-thrombogenic profiles to that of commercially available bovine collagen (BVCOL). Also, cell surface expression of the leukocyte adhesion molecule was lower on HUVECs cultured on non-mammalian collagen surfaces than on BVCOL, which is an indication of lower pro-inflammatory response. Overall, results from this study demonstrated that non-mammalian sources of collagen could be used to confer bioactivity to PVDF, with comparable cell-material interactions and hemocompatibility to BVCOL. Additionally, higher expression levels of Type IV collagen in HUVECs cultured on FSCOL and BFCOL were observed as compared to BVCOL, which is an indication that the non-mammalian sources of collagen led to a better pro-angiogenic properties, thus making them suitable for blood contacting applications.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10856-015-5651-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Characterization and Application of PVDF and Its Copolymer Films Prepared by Spin-Coating and Langmuir–Blodgett Method

“…As a biocompatible material with excellent chemical stability, PVDF is useful in many medical applications that can take advantage of the pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity of PVDF and its copolymers, including human physiological signals detection [214][215][216][217], tissue engineering scaffolds [218][219][220][221][222][223], and antifouling ultrafiltration membranes [224][225][226][227][228].…”

“…The piezoelectricity of PVDF and its copolymers has also drawn attention in tissue engineering applications [219][220][221][222][223]. In early studies, piezoelectricity was predicted to be a universal property of living tissue, and it may play an important part in certain physiological phenomena [229][230][231].…”

“…There are also works suggesting that cell-material interactions and thrombus formation can be solved by improving the hydrophobic surface of PVDF for better biocompatibility. Taking advantage of non-mammalian sources of collagen, Wang et al produced bioactive PVDF with comparable cell-material interactions and hemocompatibility [223].…”

Extraction of hydroxyapatite and collagen from the Vietnamese tilapia scales

“…Therefore, treatment of discarded fish scales to obtain HAp and collagen would be a good reuse of these waste materials. [1,2] There are some researches related to extraction of collagen from fish scales and fish skin. Collagen could be extracted from squid skin and cod skin.…”

“…[5] Prashant K. Bhagwat et al studied the character of collagen extracted from carp scales. [6] Collagen was also extracted from scales of giant snakehead (Channa Micropeltes), [2] red drum fish (Sciaenops ocellatus). [7] HAp was extracted from fish scales by using HCl and NaOH solutions.…”