Surface Modification of Graphene Nanoparticles by Acid Treatment and Grinding Process

Abstract

Surface modification is necessary to decrease graphene's (GN) stacking process and increase its advantageous properties. In this study, the effects of acid treatment and grinding processes on the structural integrity of GN have been studied. Morphological and structural characteristics of modified GN were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, gas Pycnometer, particle size analyzer, X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis spectroscopy and thermal conductivity measurement system which expose some strong evidences of the effects of purification and grinding process on GN nanoparticles in order to get GN based better nanofluid dispersed in water which gives 1.66% and 3.38% enhancement of thermal conductivity at 20 °C and at 40 °C respectively compared to that of DW in this experiment.

Review on the recent progress in the preparation and stability of graphene-based nanofluids

“…The pH can control the van der Waals and electrostatic forces. As for instance, acid treatment can improve the dispersible ability of graphene in BF and enhance the TC of GNF [207]. Yarmand et al [147,161] studied the functionalized GNPs-based nanofluids from a simple acid treatment reaction procedure, and the nanofluids were stable for a long time without sedimentation.…”

“…Oleylamine [133] ZPT N/A N/A [135] ZPT, UV-Vis~ 60 days Gum arabic, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate [136] ZPT N/A N/A [139] UV-Vis~ 200 days Triton X-100 [76] SPC~ 30 days N/A [142] ZPT~ 45 days N/A [143] ZPT N/A N/A [77] ZPT, DLS N/A N/A [78] ZPT N/A N/A [65] UV-Vis~ 1 week N/A [54] ZPT N/A Gum arabic, Tween 80, CTAB, Triton X100, Acumer Terpolymer [80] UV-Vis~ 10 days Triton X-100 [147] UV-Vis~ 10 days N/A [74] ZPT N/A N/A [149] SEM 12 h N/A [156] SPC~ 30 days N/A [157] ZPT, UV-Vis~ 2 weeks N/A [158] ZPT N/A N/A [64] SPC, UV-Vis~ 2 weeks N/A [159] UV-Vis~ 60 days N/A [161] UV-Vis~ 528 h N/A [162] UV-Vis~ 15 days Sodium deoxycholate [66] UV-Vis > 5 months N/A [67] UV-Vis, ZPT N/A N/A in an ammonia solution. Grinding can be utilized to enhance significantly the dispersibility property in BF water [207]. After the nanofluid preparation, an agglomeration can occur over time, which causes rapid sedimentation of the particles as a result of enhancement of downward body force.…”

Nano-Modified Titanium Implant Materials: A Way Toward Improved Antibacterial Properties

“…The methods of this kind of synthesis include self assembly ( Zhang et al, 2019b ; Deng et al, 2020 ), laser pyrolysis ( Laurent et al, 2010 ; Dumitrache et al, 2019 ), condensation ( Sano et al, 2020 ), CVD ( Gutés et al, 2012 ; Tyurikova et al, 2020 ), sol-gel method ( Gonçalves, 2018 ), soft lithography ( Fu et al, 2018 ), hydrothermal methods ( Zhen et al, 2019 ; Moreira et al, 2020 ), microwave methods ( Henam et al, 2019 ), sonochemical ( Gupta and Srivastava, 2019 ; Moreira et al, 2020 ), synthesis using plant extracts ( Ogunyemi et al, 2019 ; Ranoszek-Soliwoda et al, 2019 ), and green synthesis ( Gour and Jain, 2019 ; Irshad et al, 2020 ). On the other hand, macroscopic level materials can be trimmed down to NPs by different methods, including mechanical grinding ( Sviridov et al, 2017 ; Haque et al, 2018 ), ball milling ( Li Y. et al, 2020 ), lithography ( Fu et al, 2018 ), vapor deposition ( Choi et al, 2018 ), arc-plasma deposition ( Ito et al, 2012 ; Takahashi et al, 2015 ), ion beam technique ( Heo and Gwag, 2014 ; Yang J. et al, 2018 ), severe plastic deformation ( Cui et al, 2018 ; Sarkari Khorrami et al, 2019 ), chemical etching ( Wareing et al, 2017 ; Pinna et al, 2020 ), sputtering ( Pišlová et al, 2020 ), and laser ablation ( Pandey et al, 2014 ; Abid et al, 2020 ).…”

Effect of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of kenaf fiber-reinforced bio-based epoxy resin

“…Other works are well in agreement with our results. [18][19][20] The MK particle spectrum shows three characteristic bands at 1076, 797 and 467 cm À1 , which correspond to Si-O symmetric vibration, Al-O stretching vibration and Si-O bonding, respectively. 28,57 The absence of representative bands at around 3500-3700 cm À1 , typical for kaolin, suggests that the heat treatment was effective to obtain calcined kaolin.…”

“…[15][16][17] An alternative to increase the mechanical properties of EVO resin is the addition of nanofillers. [18][19][20] Nanoparticles can also favor the thermal stability and provide multifunctional properties without modifying the density or altering the manufacturing process. However, there are extensive options available for nanofiller selection.…”